一、理論常識(shí)
同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)其前面的抽象名詞(例如：idea , insistence , instruction , order , plan , proposal等)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，被解釋說(shuō)明的詞和同位語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主表關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)一定是先行詞加引導(dǎo)詞加上從句的構(gòu)成，that并不是唯一可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，whether , why , who . 從句一定要具有完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主謂賓都必須齊全，引導(dǎo)詞不充當(dāng)任何成分。
常見(jiàn)先行詞：
belief , fact , hope , idea , doubt , news , rumor , conclusion , evidence ,suggestion , problem , order , answer , decision , discovery , explanation , information , knowledge , law , opinion , truth , promise , report , thought , statement , rule , possibility .
二、真題舉例
例句1：Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them . (2010,46)
【重點(diǎn)詞匯解析】distinctly，adv. 明顯地;eat up 吃光、耗盡
【參考翻譯】科學(xué)家急忙用一些明顯站不住腳的證據(jù)去營(yíng)救，證據(jù)內(nèi)容是如果鳥類不能控制昆蟲的話，他們會(huì)把我們吃光。
例句2：But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the media . (2007,48)
【重點(diǎn)詞匯解析】profoundly，adv. 深刻地;rest on 依靠、信賴
【參考翻譯】但是新聞?dòng)浾弑仨毐绕胀ü窀羁痰睦斫夥�，這種觀點(diǎn)基/依賴于新聞媒體對(duì)慣例和特殊責(zé)任的理解。
例句3：Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states , large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws .
【重點(diǎn)詞匯解析】sovereign，n. 君主、獨(dú)立國(guó) adj. 有主權(quán)的;viable，adj. 可行的;integrate，v. (使……)成整體 adj. 整合的
【參考翻譯】他們普遍認(rèn)為新生的國(guó)家是擁有主權(quán)和完全獨(dú)立的國(guó)家，大到經(jīng)濟(jì)上可運(yùn)行良好，并由一套共同法律讓各個(gè)新的獨(dú)立國(guó)家聯(lián)合起來(lái)。