第一篇：

　　翻譯原文：

　　景德鎮(zhèn)，原名昌南，位于江西省境內(nèi)。景德鎮(zhèn)歷史悠久，是中國歷史上的四大名鎮(zhèn)之一。景德鎮(zhèn)因其瓷器(chinaware)的生產(chǎn)而聞名，據(jù)記載，其瓷器生產(chǎn)可以追溯到漢代(the HanDynasty)。在明代 Ming Dynasty)，大量景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器銷往國外，極大地推動了景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷的對外貿(mào)易，擴大了中國陶瓷的影響。由于制造歷史久遠、瓷器產(chǎn)品質(zhì)地精良、對外銷量大，景德鎮(zhèn)獲得了“瓷都”(capical of chinaware)的稱號。

　　1.第1句中將“原名昌南”處理為插入語，用分詞短語formerlynamed Changnan來表達，也可處理為Whose 引導的非限制性定語從句，譯作whose former name was Changnan。

　　2.第2句中的“景德鎮(zhèn)歷史悠久，是中國……”，將“歷史悠久”處理為“with+名詞短語”作狀語，將后半句作主句,譯作 With a long history, Jingdezhen is...，表達簡潔緊湊。

　　3.第4句“在明代，大量景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器銷往國外，極大地推動了……，擴大了……”較長，注意分析各個分句之間的關系：“在明代”為時間狀語置于句首，“大量景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器銷往國外”為原因，作主句，“極大地推動了……， 擴大了……”為結果，將其處理為結果狀語，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語來表達，整句譯作In the Ming Dynasty, lots of Jingdezhen's chinaware was exported to foreign countries, greatly promoting...and extending... 。

　　4.翻譯最后一句“由于制瓷歷史久遠、瓷器產(chǎn)品質(zhì)地精良、對外銷量大，景德鎮(zhèn)獲得了‘瓷都’的稱號”時，如果逐字對譯為 because of its long history of chinaware production... Jingdezhen has earned the title of...，則會由于原因狀語過長而使句子顯得頭重腳輕。宜將原因狀語后置。此處的“由于”為褒義，用thanks to 表達更確切，故譯為 Jingdezhen has earned the title of..., thanks to...。

　　參考譯文：

　　Jingdezhen, formerly named Changnan, is located inJiangxi Province. With a long history, Jingdezhen isone of the four famous towns in Chinese history.Jingdezhen is famous for its production of chinaware.It is recorded that Jingdezhen's production ofchinaware can date back to the Han Dynasty. In theMing Dynasty, lots of Jingdezhen's chinaware was exported to foreign countries, greatlypromoting the foreign trade of chinaware in Jingdezhen and extending the influence of Chinesechinaware. Jingdezhen has earned the title of "capital of chinaware", thanks to its long history ofchinaware production, the excellent quality and large amount of export of its chinaware.

　　第二篇：

　　翻譯原文：

　　據(jù)說《茉莉花》(Jasmine Flower)是流傳到海外的第一首中國民歌。許多國外學者在研究中國音樂史時都提到了《茉莉花》，不少外國人學唱中文歌時首選這首歌。2004年雅典奧運會(Athens Olympics)閉幕式上, 一位中國小姑娘唱起《茉莉花》，給所有觀眾留下了深刻的印象。2008年北京奧運會，《茉莉花》被選為頒獎典禮 (awarding ceremony)的音樂。這首歌帶給我們美好藝術享受的同時也帶給我們驕傲。

　　1.第1句“據(jù)說《茉莉花》是……第一首中國民歌”可譯為It issaid that Jasmine flower is the first...，但不如譯文說的Jasmine Flower is said to be the first...來得簡單。定語“流傳到海外的”較長，故將其處理成后置定語，用表被動的過去分詞短語introduced to foreign countries來表達。

　　2.第2句中的“在研究中國音樂史時”為時間狀語，處理成從句，英譯時需增譯出從句主語they，表達為whenthey study the history of Chinese music，置于主句之后�！安簧偻鈬�人學唱中文歌時首選這首歌”可逐字對譯為 many foreigners who would like to learn to sing Chinese songs would first choose thissong，但譯文繁冗拗口。根據(jù)“漢語多用動詞，英語多用名詞”的表達差異，考慮將“首選這首歌”譯為the firstchoice，用結構 it is the first choice for sb.譯出。

　　3.第3句中的“給所有現(xiàn)眾留下了深刻的印象”可用并列結構and greatly impressed...，但不如將其處理成非限制性定語從句好，譯作which greatly impressed all the audiences更能體現(xiàn)原文的邏輯關系。

　　4.最后一句“這首歌帶給我們……的同時也…”可套用句型sth brings sb. both... and...，故譯為This songbrings us both great artistic enjoyment and pride。

　　參考譯文：

　　Jasmine Flower is said to be the first Chinese folksong introduced to foreign countries. A lot ofscholars abroad have mentioned Jasmine Flowerwhen they study the history of Chinese music. It isthe first choice for many foreigners who would like tolearn to sing Chinese songs. In closing ceremony ofthe 2004 Athens Olympics, a Chinese girl sang this song, which greatly impressed all theaudiences. In 2008 Beijing Olympics, it was chosen as the music played in awarding ceremony.This song brings us both great artistic enjoyment and pride.

　　第三篇：

　　翻譯原文：

　　算盤(abacus)是中國古代的一項偉大發(fā)明。在古代，人們用小木棍進行計算隨著社會的發(fā)展，需要計算的數(shù)目越來越大，用小木棍已無法憲成計算。于是，人們發(fā)明了更為高級的計算工具一一算盤。由于算盤操作方便、簡單易學，因此在中國被廣泛使用。在算盤的基礎上，有人發(fā)展了珠心算(mental abacus)，即把算盤的形象描繪在腦海中來計算數(shù)字。

　　1.第1句由3個短句構成，第1個短句譯成介詞短語Withthesocial development或連詞as引出的從句As the societydeveloped;第2個短句可處理為主句，當中的定語“需要計算的”可譯為分詞短語 needed to calculate，作后置定語;第3個短句則處理成用which引導的非限制性定語從句，套用make it impossible for sb./sth. to do sth.的結構，譯成which made it impossible for the rods to fulfill the task，為了避免重復，把“完成計算”轉(zhuǎn)譯成了“完成任務”。

　　2.第4句中破折號后的內(nèi)容“算盤”是前面“更為高級的計算工具”的同位語，譯文處也可用破折號引出。

　　3.第5句中的“由于算盤操作方便、簡單易學”可套用英語常用句式It is+ a. + to do sth.，譯為Since it wasconvenient to use and easy to learn。雖然中文出現(xiàn)了“由于......因此......”,但譯為英語時不能同時出現(xiàn)“Since... so...”。

　　4.最后一句中的“有人發(fā)展了珠心算”如果逐字對譯為someonehas developed...則顯晦澀，且主語“有人”無需強調(diào)，故轉(zhuǎn)換主語為“珠心算”,用there came句型，表存現(xiàn)狀態(tài)。“即把算盤的形象……”是對“珠心算”的補充說明，可用介詞短語 with the image of an abacus in mind to calculate the figures 來表達。

　　參考譯文：

　　The abacus is a great invention in ancient China. Inthe old times, people used small rods to count, Withthe social development, numbers needed tocalculate were increasingly greater, which made itimpossible for the rods to fulfill the task. Thus,people invented a more advanced calculating devicethe abacus. Since it was convenient to use and easy to learn，the abacus was widely used inChina. On the basis of the abacus, there came the mental abacus with the image of anabacus in mind to calculate the figures.