lesson 課文
companies are like clocks. everyone has their own job to do and for the company to operate smoothly, people must know their jobs well and be able to perform adequately.
公司有如時鐘。每個人都有他們自己要做的工作。而且，公司要平穩(wěn)地運轉(zhuǎn)，人們就必須充分地了解自己的工作并且能夠出色地履行職責(zé)。
to ensure that people know exactly what is required of them, most companies have detailed job descriptions for every single job. a good job description should describe exactly what the person should do (and should not do) and set standards so that performance can be measured.
為了確保人們確切知道他們要求做什么，大多數(shù)公司對每一份工作都有詳細(xì)的職位描述。一份好的職位描述應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確地描述該職位的人應(yīng)該做什么(以及不應(yīng)該做什么)，并且制訂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以便衡量(職工的)表現(xiàn)。
for every position in a company, there should be a complete job description. it is not necessary for every person to have one, but every role or separate job must be well documented.
公司的每一個位置都應(yīng)該有一份完整的職位描述。雖無需人手一份，但每一個角色或每一個個體的工作都必須在文件中寫清楚。
what types of things should be included in a job description? here is a short list of some of the things that will make a job or position description more effective:
職位描述應(yīng)該包括什么類型的東西?以下是一個簡短的清單，列出了使一份工作或職位描述更為有效的一些東西。
. job title and location
. upward and downward reporting relationships (i.e. your staff and your boss)
. the specific duties and responsibilities of the role including the percentage of time spent on each main task
. the qualifications and prior experience that are necessary or desirable for the role
* 職位頭銜和地點
* 報告的上下級關(guān)系(比如你的下屬與上司)
* 該角色具體的任務(wù)與職責(zé)，包括花費在每一項主要工作上的時間比率
* 該角色必須的或者要求的資格以及以往的經(jīng)驗
lastly, the job description should contain a general statement that summarizes the purpose of the role. this can be broad or specific, but should tell the reader clearly why the role exists and how the job fits in with the rest of the company.
最后，職位描述應(yīng)該包括一個綜述，概括該角色的目的。綜述可以廣泛，也可以具體，但是應(yīng)該讓讀者明白該角色為什么存在，以及該職位如何與公司的其它部分相協(xié)調(diào)。
once you have written your job description, don't just put it away in your desk drawer. take it out and read it every three months. make changes if you think the role has changed or if the company has developed in a different direction.
一旦寫好了你的職位描述，不要只是把它放進抽屜里。每三個月拿出來，讀一讀。如果你認(rèn)為該角色發(fā)生了變動或者公司的發(fā)展方向有了變化，應(yīng)做出改動。
more importantly, use the job description to judge whether you are currently achieving what the role requires.
更重要的是用職位描述來判斷當(dāng)前你是否達(dá)到了該角色的要求。
dialogue - 對話
jeff: can you help me to proof read my new job description?
joan: sure jeff. i wrote mine last week so i have some experience.
jeff: i didn't really know how to start writing - it seems hard to summarize your job in a few words.
joan: i know, but it is very important.
jeff: why do your think that having a job description is so vital?
joan: well, if you get run over by a bus and cannot come back to work, we can use the job description to train your replacement!
jeff: that's a terrible thing to say!
joan: maybe one of your job description points should be to avoid being hit by a bus!
杰夫：你能幫我校對我的新職位描述嗎?
瓊：當(dāng)然杰夫。上周我寫了我的，所以我有一些經(jīng)驗。
杰夫：我不太清楚應(yīng)該怎么開始寫-看起來很難用三言兩語來概括你的工作。
瓊：我知道，不過那是很重要的。
杰夫：為什么你認(rèn)為職位描述這么關(guān)鍵?
瓊：唔，如果你被公共汽車撞了，而且不能回來工作，我們就可以用這份職位描述來培訓(xùn)取代你的人!
杰夫：說這個真可怕!
瓊：也許你的職位描述的一點應(yīng)該是避免被公共汽車撞!