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小學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題怎么做
小升初英語(yǔ)考試中閱讀理解部分的分值比較大,小編整理了一些小升初英語(yǔ)考試閱讀理解的答題技巧,供大家參考和借鑒。
一、如何快速尋找所需信息
在拿到一篇閱讀試題時(shí),大部分學(xué)生首先會(huì)不自覺地通讀全文,甚至因思考文中的生詞而花 費(fèi)較多的時(shí)間,然后再回到試題時(shí),頭腦中關(guān)于文章的信息已所剩無(wú)幾。正確的方法是,首先仔細(xì)閱讀試題,圈出試題中的關(guān)鍵詞。如何識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞,需要老師在平 時(shí)的閱讀教學(xué)中指導(dǎo)、判斷。比如:am,is,are,do,did,can,to,of等虛詞通常不可能是關(guān)鍵詞,而名詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞通常為關(guān)鍵詞。填 空試題:We()kites and butterflies in spring.在看到這道題時(shí),首先引導(dǎo)學(xué)生猜測(cè)并分析關(guān)鍵詞,有同學(xué)找出kites,butterflies,spring三個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。到底哪個(gè)能夠更 好地幫助我們快速找到所需信息呢?比較這三個(gè)單詞,單詞kites,butterflies之前是所缺信息,一般不可能是首選單詞,這時(shí)可以快速瀏覽后面 的試題,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)第二題有單詞summer,第三題有單詞autumn,第四題有單詞winter,這幾個(gè)單詞幫助我們確定spring是第一關(guān)鍵詞,而且 后面三道題的第一關(guān)鍵詞依次是summer,autumn and winter.根據(jù)此信息,仔細(xì)閱讀每段的首句,快速確定與spring有關(guān)的段落,其他段落不必閱讀。那么,學(xué)生會(huì)很快找到文章的第二段與spring 有關(guān)。然后再根據(jù)第二關(guān)鍵詞kites,butterflies尋找所需信息,帶著這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,在文章的第二段中,找出含有此單詞的句子,并做下劃線注 釋,We can fly kites,We can catch butterflies.縮小尋找范圍之后,再判斷哪個(gè)是所需單詞,由于kites之前有canfly兩個(gè)單詞,到底哪一個(gè)才是正確的答案呢?這時(shí)我們可 以判斷哪個(gè)單詞離kites最近,最終確定單詞fly.然后試讀句子:Weflykites.省略單詞can,不影響正確表達(dá),仍然通順。
對(duì)于閱讀文中的問答題,方法基本相同。首先找出問題中的關(guān)鍵詞,然后帶著關(guān)鍵詞在文章 中尋找答案。試題Where are Tim and his friends?通常疑問詞都是關(guān)鍵詞,通過疑問詞Where,知道所需信息是地點(diǎn),同時(shí)根據(jù)另一關(guān)鍵詞Tim,friends,能過快速在文中找 到:Tim and his friends are at the beach.At the beach是地點(diǎn)單詞,即我們所需的信息。
二、閱讀信息文中找
小學(xué)階段的閱讀試題答案,基本都能在所給的閱讀文中找到所需信息。學(xué)生只需帶著問題或 關(guān)鍵詞以尋讀的方式,快速在文章中尋找所需信息,切記不可任憑自己的想象,隨心所欲的回答。如有位同學(xué)在做一道閱讀填空:Tim and his friend in the sea.沒有通過尋找關(guān)鍵詞,在文章中尋找的方式,而是根據(jù)自己的猜測(cè)寫出play。
三、判斷正誤
對(duì)于閱讀試題中的判斷正誤題,相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單,但學(xué)生的出錯(cuò)率仍然較大,究其原因,學(xué)生 不懂判斷的方法,通常是讀完試題之后,憑著自己對(duì)閱讀文章的大致印象判斷。事實(shí)上判斷試題與選擇、填空的做題方法基本一致,仍需找出試題中的關(guān)鍵詞,帶著 關(guān)鍵詞,在文中尋找所需信息,然后仔細(xì)判斷是否與文中信息一致,如一致則正確,反之錯(cuò)誤。試題:Mary is sick,Mother takes her to the doctor.首先在試題中尋找關(guān)鍵詞:Mary,sick,Mother,doctor.帶著這些關(guān)鍵詞,在文章中尋找。由于這是閱讀文章的第一個(gè)試 題,所以我們將答案定位于文章的首段,文中:Mother says:“Mary,Let’s go to the doctor for a check.”“Doctor?”says Mary,“I’m not sick,Why do I need to see th edoctor?”此題與文中notsick信息不一致,所以不正確。最后一 題:ThedoctorgivesMaryashot,Itdoesnothurtatall.由于是最后一題,信息基本在文章的末斷,我們只需將信息定 位于文章的末斷或上一試題信息之后,同樣帶著關(guān)鍵詞shot尋找。文中Mary takes a shot,It does not hurt much.試題中:not hurt at all與not hurt much不相符,所以錯(cuò)誤。
四、尋找信息的順序性
一篇閱讀文章之后的若干試題,通常依據(jù)自上而下的順序出題。(當(dāng)然也有個(gè)別例外)第一 道題所需信息通常在文中的首段,學(xué)生只需在文章的第一部分尋找,第二題的信息,則無(wú)需從文章的開始瀏覽,只要從第一個(gè)信息之后尋讀即可,后面的題依次往下 尋找。最后一道題的信息,基本在文章的末段。了解了尋找信息的順序性,學(xué)生無(wú)需花費(fèi)較多的時(shí)間一遍又一遍通讀全文,增加信息量,干擾閱讀理解,影響做題速度。
延伸:閱讀理解題
A young father was visiting an old neighbour. They were standing in the old man’s garden and talking about children. The young father asked, “How should parents train their children?” The old man pointed to a string between a strong tree and a thin one.
“Please untie that string,” he said. The young father untied it, and the young tree bent over to one side.
“Now tie it again, please,” said the old man. “Pull the string tight first so that the young tree is straight.”
The young man did this. Then the old man said, “It is the same way of teaching children. You must be strict with them, but sometimes you must untie the string to see how they are getting on. If they are not able to stand alone, you must tie the string tight again. But when you find that they are ready to stand alone, you can take the string away.”
58. A young father wanted to get advice from his old neighbour about how to train_____.
A. old fathers B. old men
C. young fathers D. children
59. The old man compared the big tree to ____ and the young one to____.
A. a father; a child B. himself; the young father
C. an elder child; a younger child D. a big boy; a small boy
60. The word “bent” in the passage means____.
A.墜落 B.直立 C.傾斜 D.毀壞
61. “Pull the string tight” means____.
A. keeping the children under strict control B. holding the children tight in one’s arms
C. being close to the children D. being polite to the children
62. “…you can take the string away.” means “You don’t need to _____.”
A. keep your children under your control B. pay attention to your children
C. support your children D. leave your children
答案:58-62 DACAA
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