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高考英語語法動詞講解
以下是小編為大家準備的高考英語語法動詞講解,歡迎閱讀。
動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
【考點分析】
1.對下列十種時態(tài)的考查:
一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 一般將來時 現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 過去完成時 將來完成時 過去將來時
2.既考查時態(tài)又考查語態(tài);
3.考查動詞的及物與不及物;
4.考查主動形式表示被動意義;
5.考查動詞詞組在被動語態(tài)中的介詞問題;
6.對被動語態(tài)習(xí)慣句型的考查。
【知識點歸納】
I.動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式
主動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時
do/does,( is/am/are )did,(was/were)
現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時
is/am/are doingwas/were doing
現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時
has/have donehad done
現(xiàn)在完成進行時過去完成進行時
has/have been doinghad been doing
一般將來時過去將來時
will/shall do
is/am/are going to do
is/am/are(about)to dowould/should do
was/were going to do
was/were(about)to do
被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時
is/am/are donewas/were done
現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時
is/am/are being donewas/were being done
現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時
has/have been donehad been done
一般將來時過去將來時
will/shall be done
is/am/are going to be done
is/am/are(about)to be donewould/should be done
was/were going to be done
was/were(about)to be done
II.動詞時態(tài)的用法
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
①一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實、格言,目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等;
、谥骶涫且话銓頃r,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來;
I’ll go there after I finish my work.
If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.
、墼谝詇ere,there開頭的句子里,go,come等少數(shù)動詞的一般在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作;
There goes the bell.鈴響了。There comes the bus.汽車來了。Here she comes.她來了。
注意:近幾年,對一般現(xiàn)在時的考查常用過去時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)對考生進行干擾
Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which_____ the Pacific,and we met no storm.
A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called
雖然航海發(fā)生在過去,但是,海洋的名稱不會因此而變化,所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
2.現(xiàn)在進行時
、俦硎菊谶M行的動作;
、诒硎景从媱澃才偶磳l(fā)生的動作。
She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。
、鄞嬉话悻F(xiàn)在時,描繪更加生動。
The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。
The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。
、芘calways, forever, constantly, continually連用,表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩,但并非強調(diào)動作正在進行;
He is always helping others.他總是肯幫助他人。
She is always forgetting something.她老是忘記某些事情。
、荽蠖鄶(shù)動詞可用于進行時,但也有些動詞不用于進行時。
常見的有:
▲感覺類:look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear
▲情感類:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear
▲心態(tài)類:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt
▲所有類:have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時
、俦硎具^去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,或說話時已完成的動作;
I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.
②表示從過去開始,待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段時間狀語連用;
He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.
、郾硎尽霸(jīng)到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/has been to”;
表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/has gone to”。
—Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.
—She knows a lot about Shanghai. -She has been there.
、茉跁r間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作。
When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.
注意:這里的現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)從句動作在主句動作之前完成, 如果兩個動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生, 則不必用完成時;試比較:
I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.
She will call you when she gets home.
、荻虝簞釉~(即瞬間動詞),join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,
break out等,在完成時態(tài)中,其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。
要譯“他參軍已經(jīng)三年了”不能說:He has joined the army three years.可采用:
▲“ago法”:He joined the army three years ago.
▲“延續(xù)法”:He has been in the army for three years.
▲“since法”:It is/has been three years since he joined the army.
注意:沒有包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)或不是截至“現(xiàn)在”為止的時間狀語不能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用, 但“in(over) the
past/last+時間段”要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。
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