however
[英][haev(r)][美][haev]
adv.然而; 可是; 無(wú)論如何; 不管到什么程度;
conj.不管怎樣;
1. 用作副詞,注意以下用法:
(1) 表示讓步,意為“無(wú)論如何”“不管怎樣”,用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞,其詞序?yàn)椋篽owever+形容詞或副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。這樣用的however其實(shí)具有連詞的功能,用以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少,他永遠(yuǎn)吃不胖。
However cold it is, he always goes swimming. 不管天有多冷,他都去游泳。
However far it is, I intend to drive there tonight. 不管有多遠(yuǎn),我今晚也要開(kāi)車到那兒去。
這樣用的 however 與 no matter how 大致同義。如:
No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat.
No matter how cold it is, he always goes swimming.
No matter how far it is, I intend to drive there tonight.
有時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如:
Don’t laugh, however funny it may be. 無(wú)論多么有趣也不要笑。
I’ll try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 無(wú)論多么難,我也要按時(shí)完成。
另外,“however+形容詞或副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”有時(shí)可以有所省略。如:
I refuse, however favourable the conditions. 不管條件如何有利,我都不干。(conditions后省去了are)
I’d rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 無(wú)論房間多么小,我寧愿一個(gè)人住一間,而不愿意與別人合住一個(gè)房間。
A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一條語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,不管如何正確,除非能懂,否則毫無(wú)用處。
(2) 表示轉(zhuǎn)折,尤其用于談及一個(gè)既成事實(shí)時(shí),表示轉(zhuǎn)折,其意為“可是”“仍然”等?煞旁诰涫、句中或句末,通常用逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開(kāi)。如:
My father, however, did not agree. 但是,我父親不同意
My room is small; however, it’s comfortable. 我的房間很小,但卻很舒服。
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他說(shuō)情況如此,可是他錯(cuò)了。
注意,however不能像 but(但是)那樣直接連接兩個(gè)句子(注意正句中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào))。如:
我們都已盡了最大的努力,不過(guò)我們還是輸了。
誤:We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
正:We all tried our best, but we lost the game.
正:We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
正:We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.
(3) 表示驚奇或強(qiáng)調(diào),相當(dāng)于how ever的用法,其意為“究竟怎樣,到底以什么方式”。如:
However did you get here without a car? 沒(méi)有汽車你究竟是怎樣來(lái)的呢?
However does he manage to write music when he is so deaf? 他聾成這個(gè)樣子,究竟是怎樣從事作曲的呢?
2. 用作連詞,引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“無(wú)論以何種方式”“不管怎樣”。如:
However it may be, I shall take your word. 無(wú)論如何,我將會(huì)相信你的話。
The painting looks wrong however you look at it. 這張畫(huà)不論怎么看都顯得不對(duì)勁。
However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days. 無(wú)論你怎么個(gè)走法,至少要兩天時(shí)間。
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