考研英語：強化階段閱讀解題技巧
強化階段——如果大家基礎階段一直堅持復習，那么強化階段就要注重閱讀技巧的總結和練習。能夠針對考研英語閱讀的各種題型：細節(jié)題、推理題、詞義題、 例證題、主旨題、態(tài)度題總結實用的解題技巧，提升自己的正確率。而在所有閱讀題型中，推理題是占第二大比例的題。推斷題 分為細節(jié)推理題和段落推理題。今天我們著重講解段落推理題的解題秘訣。
首先，段落推理題目題干中的標志詞為infer,learn,imply, conclude, suggest, indicate等;以及段落標志詞paragraph 3，the first paragraph, the first two paragraphs，當只有這兩種詞出現(xiàn)時，即可判定其為段落推理題。其次，推理題的�？汲鲱}點：1.段落首末句、主題句、觀點句;2.與主題密切相關的細節(jié);3、轉折的地方;4.強調或者遞進關系的地方。考研英語閱讀中推理題通常為正反推理和歸納總結。最后，做題時考生還要記住以下幾點：1、主題大于細節(jié)，觀點大于論據(jù);2、推理必須以原文為依據(jù);3、特別關注轉折，弄清轉折前后內容的`邏輯關系。
推理題解題步驟如下：
首先，根據(jù)題干關鍵詞，判斷是否為段落推斷題。段落推斷題關鍵詞為Paragraph5和show, infer, learn, imply等。
其次，迅速找到段落中心句并仔細閱讀該句。段落中心句往往是段落考察的重點，因此考生可以重點分析段落中心句。
最后，段落中心句和選項進行精確比對，直擊答案。
下面以最近十年真題為例，為大家詳細剖析段落推理題解題秘訣。
真題：2006年Text 2
27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________。
[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately
[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers
[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall。
【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干可知，本題為單段落推理題。本段有轉折詞however 和觀點句the RSC contends, 這兩句任選一句為段落中心句，或者兩句聯(lián)合理解，即可選出正確答案。However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. (看戲的人除了看戲還要進行一些觀光。)It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants。(RSC認為，恰恰是看戲的人給小鎮(zhèn)帶了大多數(shù)的收入，因為他們他們過夜(有些人4到5天)向酒店和餐館注入現(xiàn)金。兩句都強調“看戲的人給小鎮(zhèn)帶來了大多數(shù)的收入”因此正確答案為B the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers(看戲的人比觀光的人花更多的錢)。
真題：2006年Text 2
26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________。
[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue
[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage
[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms
[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC)， which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights。
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making。
【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干可知，本題為雙段落推理題。答案一般為第二段段落中心句。考生找到第二段段落中心句，即可找出題目答案。第二段是總分結構，因此首句為第二段段落中心句“The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue。(斯特拉特福德的居民懷疑劇院增加了他們的收入一分錢。)因此，可以推出選項A the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue(小鎮(zhèn)居民否認劇院為小鎮(zhèn)收入做出了貢獻)為正確答案。
細節(jié)推理題解題步驟如下：
首先，根據(jù)題干關鍵詞，判斷是否為細節(jié)推理題。細節(jié)推理題，顧名思義，既具有細節(jié)題的特征，也具有推理題的特征。細節(jié)題的關鍵詞為名詞、動詞、形容詞。推理題關鍵詞為Paragraph5和show, infer, learn, imply等。
其次，迅速找到段落中心句并仔細閱讀該句。由于細節(jié)推斷題必定涉及到該段落的具體信息，而段落中心句往往是段落考察的重點，所以考生可以重點分析段落中心句。
最后，段落中心句和選項進行精確比對，直擊答案。細節(jié)推斷題的正確答案是一般為段落中心句的同義改寫。因此，考生能否準確理解段落中心句是能否做對推理題的關鍵。
下面以2012年真題為例，為大家詳細剖析推理題解題秘訣。
真題：2012年Text 1
24. Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors __________。
[A] is harmful to our networks of friends
[B] will mislead behavioral studies
[C] occurs without our realizing it
[D]can produce negative health habits
There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day。
【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干our imitation of behaviors, Paragraph5, shows可知，本題為細節(jié)推斷題。本段段落中心句為最后一句(特殊標點“冒號”)：“This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day�！�(……我們下意識地模仿每天看到的行為)，可以判斷選項C“(行為模仿)在我們沒有意識到的情況下發(fā)生”是正確答案。選項A“不利于我們的朋友網絡”，選項B“將誤導行為研究”，和選項D“會產生不良健康習慣”，并未在本段提到。
真題：2012年Text 3
32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires _________。
[A] strict inspection [B] shared efforts
[C] individual wisdom [D] persistent innovation
Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point。
【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干credibility process requires, Paragraph 2, infer可知，本題為細節(jié)推斷題。本段段落中心句為第三句(轉折標志詞but)：“But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery�！�(但是要把聲稱發(fā)現(xiàn)轉換到真正的科學發(fā)現(xiàn)需要共同的監(jiān)察與認可)，可以判斷選項B“共同努力”是正確答案，collective對應shared，efforts對應scrutiny and acceptance。選項A“嚴格的檢查”，選項C“個人的智慧”和選項D“持續(xù)的創(chuàng)新”，并未在本段提到。
最后，提醒各位考生學會迅速找到段落中心，就能解決段落推理題，因為正確答案一般就是段落中心句的同義改寫。
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