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考研英語:語法大全(動(dòng)詞不定式語態(tài)用法)
動(dòng)詞不定式一般式所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系
1)動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如:
I saw him go out.我看見他出去了。(saw與go out兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)
Would you help me put things in order before we leave?在我們離開之前,你幫我整理一下東西好嗎?(would help和put同時(shí)發(fā)生)
2)但在很多情況下,動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后;如:
I hope to see you again.我希望再見到你。(to see這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在hope之后)
The boy said he wanted to be a scientist.這男孩說他想做一個(gè)科學(xué)家。(to be在wanted之后)
動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)形式
動(dòng)詞不定式通常有三種時(shí)態(tài)形式,現(xiàn)以write為例:
一般式to write進(jìn)行式to be writing
完成式to have written
動(dòng)詞不定式完成式的用法
動(dòng)詞不定式完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在限定動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。如:
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.對(duì)不起,叫你久等了。(to have kept發(fā)生在am所表示的時(shí)間之前)
She seems to have read the book before.她好像看過這本書。(to have read發(fā)生在seems所表示的時(shí)間之前)
The battery appears to have run down.這組電池好像已經(jīng)用完了。(to have run down發(fā)生在appears所表示的時(shí)間之前)
但在下面句子中,動(dòng)詞不定式表示“動(dòng)作沒有完成”:
We were to have met at ten.我們本來是約定十點(diǎn)鐘見面的。(結(jié)果未見面)
動(dòng)詞不定式進(jìn)行式的用法
動(dòng)詞不定式進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如:
He see ms to be recovering.他看來在康復(fù)。
When he came in,I happened to be lying on the bed,reading.他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候,我碰巧正躺在床上看書。
動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
動(dòng)詞不定式有兩種被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式:
一般式to be written
完成式to have been written
例:
The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.下-步要做的事是把土運(yùn)走。
No harm seems to have been done.似乎并沒有造成損害。
分裂不定式
有時(shí)在不定式符號(hào)“to”和動(dòng)詞原形之間插入一個(gè)副詞,這種現(xiàn)象叫做分裂不定式(split infinitive)。插入動(dòng)詞不定式的副詞,習(xí)慣上往往與不定式動(dòng)詞連在一起。如:
He likes to half close his eyes.他喜歡半閉著眼睛。
Our object is to further cement friendly relations between the two countries.我們的目的是進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)兩國之間的友好關(guān)系。
At first he wasn't interested in bookkeeping,but later he began to actually like it.起初他對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)工作沒有興趣,但到后來倒喜歡起它來了
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