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2013考研英語語法10天速成復(fù)習(xí)法
(一)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
一.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成式的用法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成式主要有兩個(gè)功能：表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況和表示虛擬語氣。在這兩個(gè)方面must/mustn’t,;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;ought等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成式表示的意思是有一定區(qū)別的
1.表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況。
1)must have+過去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生情況的肯定推測(cè)，譯為“(昨天)一定……”。如：
My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”
[A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be
(答案為C)
2)can’t / couldn’t have+過去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生情況的否定推測(cè)，譯為“(昨天)一定沒……”。如：
Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received
[C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received
(答案為A)
3)may / might have +過去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推測(cè)，或事實(shí)上根本沒發(fā)生，譯為“也許……”。如：
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
2.表示虛擬語氣。
1) needn’t have + 過去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，相當(dāng)于”didn’t need to do”,譯為“其實(shí)沒必要……”。如：
You needn’t have come over yourself.
As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally.
[A] needn’t dress up [B]did not need have dressed up
[C] did not need dress up [D] needn’t have dressed up
(沒有必要穿的那么正式，體現(xiàn)是說話者的建議，實(shí)際結(jié)果是否真的穿的很正式?jīng)]有確定，答案為D)
2)should have +過去分詞，表示應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上未做，譯為“本應(yīng)該……”should not + have過去分詞表示本不應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上做了，譯為“本不應(yīng)該……”。如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
我本來應(yīng)該事先認(rèn)真地把每件事情規(guī)劃的很好，但實(shí)際上作者還是沒有規(guī)劃好，以至工作沒有完成。
3) ought to have +過去分詞，表示動(dòng)作按理該發(fā)生了，但實(shí)際上未發(fā)生，譯為“該……”，與should 的完成式含義類似。如：
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke .
4) could have +過去分詞，表示過去本來可以做但卻未做，譯為“完全可以……”。這點(diǎn)與ought/should/ have +過去分詞用法相似。如：
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
5) may/ might have +過去分詞，表示過去可以做但實(shí)際未做，譯為“(那樣)也許會(huì)……”。如：
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.
二.幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常考的句型：
1).may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，與had better相近;
Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.
既然航班已經(jīng)取消了，你不妨乘火車吧。相當(dāng)于you had better go by train。
2) .cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不過分”。注意這個(gè)句型的變體cannot…over….如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.駕車時(shí)候，越小心越好。
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized .
3) .usedn’t 或did’t use to 為used to (do) 的否定式。
4).should 除了“應(yīng)該”一層意思外，考研大綱還規(guī)定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我無法想象他竟然這樣做。
三.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)關(guān)系的主動(dòng)表達(dá)法
1. want, require, worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動(dòng)意義。
Your hair wants cutting
The book is worth reading
The floor requires washing.
2.need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，兩種形式都表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意義
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted.
The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.
(二) 形容詞、副詞及比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
一.形容詞的修飾與位置
一般來說，從構(gòu)詞法角度來看，后綴”ly”往往是副詞，但有的以“l(fā)y’結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞，這點(diǎn)要注意;形容詞一般可以在句子中做定語，表語等成份，但有些形容詞在句子中只能做表語和只能做前置定語;這些形容詞在修飾時(shí)候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意，下面做了一下歸納：
1 以-ly結(jié)尾的是形容詞而不是副詞：
costly 昂貴的 lonely 孤獨(dú)的 deadly 死一般的 lively 活潑的 friendly 友好的 silly 傻氣的' kindly 熱心腸的 likely 可能的 leisurely 悠閑的 ugly 長(zhǎng)得丑的 brotherly 兄弟般的 monthly 每月的 earthly 塵世的
2 只作以“a”開頭的很多形容詞只能做表語：
afraid 害怕的 alike 相象的 awake 醒著的 alone 單獨(dú)的，惟一的 alive 活著的 ashamed 羞愧的
asleep 睡著的 aware 意識(shí)到的、察覺到的 well 健康的 content 滿意的 unable 無能的
3 只作前置定語的形容詞
earthen 泥土做的，大地的 daily 每日的 latter 后面的 golden 金子般的 weekly 每周的 inner 里面的
silken 絲一般的 monthly 每月的 outer 外面的 wooden 木制的 yearly 每年的 elder 年長(zhǎng)的 woolen 毛織的 former 前任的 mere 僅，只不過 only 惟一的 sheer 純粹的 very 恰好的 little 小的 live 活的
4.下列動(dòng)詞既是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又是系動(dòng)詞，注意用做系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要求形容詞做表語：
remain keep become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look。
如：All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics.
二.形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)
1. 考比較級(jí)時(shí)，考生應(yīng)把握：
1)形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的形式是否和比較連詞對(duì)應(yīng)出現(xiàn)，即是否符合原級(jí)比較及比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often , or better than an actual performance.
[A]as good as [B]as good [C]good [D]good as
在這里as good as 比較連詞與better than比較連詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)候，不能省略任何一個(gè)介詞。答案為A
On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.
2)比較的成分是否屬于同類事物或同類概念，既是說比較要具有可比性。如：
The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half .
[A] of last year’s [B]those of last year’s
[C]of those of last year [D] that of last year’s
(前后相比的應(yīng)該是今年和去年注冊(cè)參加的人數(shù)“the number of”故代替它的應(yīng)該是單數(shù)指示代詞“that”，而不能選擇B，those是指代participants，不是同類對(duì)比，答案為D。
Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of dickens far more exciting than Thackeray’s.
3)比較級(jí)與倍數(shù)詞關(guān)系及其位置
原級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中可插入表達(dá)倍數(shù)的詞，表示為“為….若干倍”,當(dāng)與有表示倍數(shù)比較的詞在一起時(shí)候等，他們的位置是，倍數(shù)詞+as…as…,或倍數(shù)詞+more…than…，但again一般放在原級(jí)詞之后，即 “as+原級(jí)+again+as”.如：
Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year than automobile accidents.
[A] seven more times [B] seven times more
[C] over seven times [D] seven times
(答案為B)
“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?”“No, I would gladly have paid for it.”
[A] twice so much [B] twice as m
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