Unit 25 At the conference
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
知識(shí)目標(biāo)
一、通過本單元教學(xué)，進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。學(xué)生能初步掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表判斷推測(cè)的用法。要求學(xué)生能用自己的語言復(fù)述課文。
二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)
1．重點(diǎn)詞匯 organize; repeat; attend; suppose; earn; send out; get through; ring back; make up; out of breath
2．重要句型 1) What a lot of information to send out! 2) Would you mind giving a talk today about DNA? 3) You must be joking! 4) You can't be serious!
3．語法 學(xué)習(xí)must, may, might, can't, could等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法
4．日常交際用語 打電話(Making telephones): 1) Can you ring up. . . ? I can't get through. 2) The line's busy. I'll try again later. 3) Could I speak to. . . , please? 4) Hold on please. 5) Can I take a message? 6) This is . . . speaking. 7) Can you ask. . . to ring me back, please?
能力目標(biāo)
1． 掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)詞匯、詞組和句型；運(yùn)用相關(guān)詞匯復(fù)述課文。
2． 情枋動(dòng)詞表猜測(cè)的具體用法。
3． 用英語談?wù)動(dòng)⒄Z學(xué)習(xí)中如何克服平時(shí)粗心大意的毛病。
德育及美育目標(biāo)
讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到粗心會(huì)給工作帶來不利，并教育學(xué)生從現(xiàn)在起養(yǎng)成認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)的良好習(xí)慣，培養(yǎng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)墓ぷ髯黠L(fēng)，干好本職工作，將來更好地為人民服務(wù)。
教學(xué)建議
課文分析
本單元的課文是一篇幽默故事。通過這個(gè)有趣的故事，對(duì)粗心大意的人和事進(jìn)行了含蓄的諷刺和批評(píng)，并通過它來教育學(xué)生克服粗心大意的不良習(xí)慣，養(yǎng)成嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)認(rèn)真、一絲不茍的作風(fēng)。
Part1 (Paragraph 1 ) Dr Baker accepted the invitation to the 199. . .Medical Conference in London.
Part 2 (Paragraphs 2—10) Dr Baker was surprised to be asked to give a talk on DNA, which he knew nothing.
Part 3 (Paragraphs 11—18) Someone had made a careless mistake by writing Dr D. Baker instead of Dr Peter Baker, and Dr Baker gave a talk on ENT.
下面的短文概括了這個(gè)幽默的主要內(nèi)容，可供復(fù)述：
Dr Baker was very much surprised to receive an invitation to the 199. . . Medical Conference in London. However, he decided to attend the meeting himself. On the morning of the second day of the conference , the main speaker failed to arrive because of the bad weather at the airport. So he was asked to give a talk instead. When the organizer asked him to give a talk on DNA, Dr Baker told him that he was an expert on ENT. Later the organizer discovered the mistake. Though the organizer had put Dr P. Baker's name on the list of speakers, when the invitation list was being done, someone had made a careless mistake and had written “Dr D. Baker” instead. Anyhow Dr Baker did give a talk that day and everyone at the conference was very interested in it.
詞匯分析
accept , receive
accept表示主觀上“接受，接納”
receive表示客觀上“收到，受到，遭受，接受”，與主觀愿望沒關(guān)系
I received a gift, but I didn’t accept it.
The pop star received a warm welcome at the stadium
reply, answer
reply既可作不及物動(dòng)詞，也可作及物動(dòng)同，還可作名詞。作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，作“回答”，“答復(fù)”解，可用 reply to sth／sb.；作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，是“回答”，“回答說”的意思，后接直接引語或賓語從句；用reply作名詞時(shí)，作“回答”“答復(fù)”解，后可跟介詞to，表示“對(duì)……的回答\答復(fù)”。
answer作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面可直接跟名詞作其語，也可作名詞，作“答案”“回答”解，后面也可跟介詞to。
Have you replied to his invitation？
She didn’t answer my question．
ring back, ring off，ring up
1）ring back意為“回一個(gè)電話”。back是副詞，其賓語是代詞時(shí)，要將這個(gè)代詞放在 back之前。
2）ring off意為“掛斷電話”。
3）ring up意為“給某人打電話”。其中 up是副詞，如有賓語，則將賓語放在up之前。如：
Tell him to ring me back when he returns home.他回家后告訴他給我回個(gè)電話。
I have to ring off now because many people are waiting to make a phone call. 我必須掛電話了，因?yàn)橛泻芏嗳嗽诘戎螂娫挕?/p>
If you have any questions to ask me, please ring me up. 如果你有問題要問我，請(qǐng)打電話。
meeting, conference
二者都作“會(huì)議”解，其區(qū)別在于：
1） meeting指一般性會(huì)議，可用于任何場(chǎng)合。
2）conference是比較正式的用語，指就專門問題進(jìn)行研究或交換意見的會(huì)議或大型的會(huì)議。
We had a meeting thismoring．上午我們開了個(gè)會(huì)。
They will have a medical conference next week．下周他們有個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)研討會(huì)。
organize，found，form
l）organize組建，籌備，其名詞形式是organization。
2）found指“建立、成立”，強(qiáng)調(diào)打下基礎(chǔ)或創(chuàng)建，仍有待進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和完善。
3）form指“構(gòu)成、形成”，強(qiáng)調(diào)所構(gòu)成的東西必須具有外形或具有一定的結(jié)構(gòu)或包含設(shè)計(jì)工作。
Let’s organize a volleyball team我們組建一個(gè)排球隊(duì)吧。
This company was founded in 1872. 這家公司創(chuàng)立于 1872牛。
His character was formed in his childhood他的性格是在兒童時(shí)期養(yǎng)成的。
funny; interesting
這組形容詞都可作“有趣的”解。
funny指由于有趣的行為、外表、性格或內(nèi)容而逗人發(fā)笑，也可指不尋常的事令人“難于理解”。如：
interesting“令人感興趣的”，表示主動(dòng)引起別人興趣。含有主動(dòng)意味。作表語時(shí)，主語通常是物；作定語時(shí)，可修飾人，也可修飾物。如：
I heard such a funny story this morning. 早上我聽了一個(gè)有趣的故事。
Zheng Jie has some interesting plans. 鄭杰有一些有趣的計(jì)劃。
That sounds very interesting. 聽起來倒有是挺有趣的。
earn, gain, get ,win
這組動(dòng)詞都可表示“得到、獲得”；但用法不同。
earn指經(jīng)過艱苦努力所得的報(bào)償，意為“賺得、掙得、博得”。
gain 指在斗爭中、競(jìng)爭中作出很大努力而“獲得”，且所得東西具有一定價(jià)值。
get是這組向中最普通的用詞，常用于口語，表示不管通過何種方式，無論是主動(dòng)爭取還是被動(dòng)接受，只要是“獲得”都可用get．
win指具有優(yōu)越的特質(zhì)或條件而能克服各種困難而“贏得”。
They have bought a new house．They must earn a lot of money．他們買了一所新房子，他們一定掙了許多錢。
I’m new on the job but I am already gaining experience．我干這工作是新手，但我已經(jīng)在獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
In Barcelona, the Chinese team got 16 gold medals．在巴塞羅那，中國隊(duì)獲得16塊金牌。
Who won the race？這場(chǎng)賽跑誰贏了？
重點(diǎn)講解
What a lot of invitations to send out！
短語動(dòng)詞“send out”作“發(fā)出、送出”解。例如：
The ship sent out a message for help．
“send out”與“give out”，“give off”同義，例如：
The sun sends out light and heat．
與send搭配的其他短語：
send for（派人去叫，請(qǐng)） send up（發(fā)射，把……送上去）
send back（遣返，送還） send off（寄出，發(fā)出，為……送行）
send down使價(jià)格下降） send round（傳閱，傳遞）
send a message（發(fā)送消息）send a telegram（發(fā)電報(bào)）
send a blow（給人一擊） send sb. away（解雇）send sb. mad(drive sb. mad)（使人發(fā)狂）
If Dr Baker is in the hall，will he please make himself known to me？
句中的“make himself known to me”的意思是“向我作自我介紹”。這里的make作“使/令”解，常用于“make oneself+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，如：
make oneself known（使……被了解），make oneself understood（使……被理解）等。例如：
Will you please make yourself known to us in English？
Her voice is so low that she can’t make herself heard．
Hold on , please. 請(qǐng)稍等。
1）hold on表示“別掛，等一等”，是電話用語，等于hold the line，常用祈使句表示。如：
—Can I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Hold on , please. I’ll go and see if he is in.
—我想跟史密斯講話，好嗎？
—請(qǐng)稍等，我去看他在不在。
2）電話中“請(qǐng)等一下”還有。
A minute , please,
Just a minute.
Just a moment.
One moment, please.
Hang on a moment, please.
Hang on a minute, please.
Don't hang up , please.
Hold on a second, please.
Hold the line, please.
Would you hold the line a moment?
Would you wait a minute?
I can’t get through．我打不通電話。
get through到達(dá)，通過；（打電話）打通
①The letter I wrote to my mother got through at last on Sunday. 我給我母親寫的信終于在周日收到了。
②She was very happy because she got through the examination．因?yàn)樗荚嚰案窳耍芨吲d。
與get搭配的短語有：
get back回來
get down從……下來
get down on sth．對(duì)……產(chǎn)生反感，開始不喜歡
get in進(jìn)入，抵達(dá)，收獲
get off下車
get on（along）相處融洽，（使）上車，穿上。
Make up a dialogue，using the following as a guide．利用下面的例子作為指導(dǎo)編一段對(duì)話。
make up：彌補(bǔ)，賠償；編輯，編制；縫制，組成，整理（房間），結(jié)算（帳目）等。
①He lost much, so we must make it up to him somehow．他的損失太大了，無論怎樣，我們得補(bǔ)償他。
②I was ill yesterday. And I must go to the teachers’ office to make up the missed lessons．我昨天病了，我得去老師的辦公室把耽誤的課補(bǔ)上。
③The children shook their hands and made up．孩子們握手言和了。
An invitation to the 199…Medical Conference in London．”一份參加199…年在倫敦召開的醫(yī)學(xué)大會(huì)的請(qǐng)柬。
invitation名詞，“邀請(qǐng)”，其動(dòng)詞invite。
與invitation搭配的同組和短語有：
accept an invitation接受邀請(qǐng)
give somebody’s an invitation邀請(qǐng)某人
receive an invitation 收到請(qǐng)柬
refuse somebody’s invitation拒絕某人的邀請(qǐng)
send out an invitation發(fā)出請(qǐng)貼
at the invitation of somebody’s 應(yīng)某人的邀請(qǐng)
on invitation應(yīng)邀
an invitation from來自某人的邀請(qǐng)
“There must be some mistake．”sad Dr Baker．貝克博士說：“準(zhǔn)是出了什么差錯(cuò)了�！�
句中的some“某”，常用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，表示未知的，或說話人不愿意說明的人，地，物等。
①Please hurry up，there is someone waiting for you at the school gate．請(qǐng)快點(diǎn)，校門口有人等你。
②There must be some reason for him to be late again．想必有某種理由他才又遲到了。
語法---情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)用法
用法：
1）must表示我們對(duì)某事很有把握，從邏輯上看是必然的，它只能用于肯定的陳述句中。在疑問句和否定句中，通常用can和can’t。
①John said the professor must be at least seventy, but Peter thought he couldn't be as old as that．約翰說那位教授至少有70歲，但彼得認(rèn)為他不可能有那樣老。
②He can't have been to your home. He doesn't know your address．他肯定沒去過你家，他還不知道你的地址呢。
2）can和may表示推測(cè)時(shí)，語氣較弱。在肯定句中，can常用來表示客觀的邏輯上的可能性；而may表示事實(shí)上的可能性。如：
①Anyone can make mistakes．人人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。
②He looks pale. He may be ill．他臉色蒼白，可能病了。
在疑問句中，通常用can，不用may
－Can they have missed the bus? －Yes, they may have．
“他們會(huì)錯(cuò)過公共汽車嗎？”“是的，也許會(huì)�！�
3）can和may都可用于否定句，但含義不同。
can not表示“不可能”；may not表示“可能不”。
①She may not tell lies．她也許沒有說謊。
②He can’t be her father; he is too young. 他不可能是她的父親，他太年輕了。
例題：
Michael________ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. may D. mustn’t
分析
needn’t表示“不必”；mustn’t常用來表示禁止，不允許；may表示一種可能性；can’t 則用來表示否定意義的推測(cè)，意為“不可能”，它是一種非常有把握的推測(cè)。正確答案為B項(xiàng)。
Sorry I’m late. I_______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
分析
說話者在找自己遲到的原因，并對(duì)過去的原因進(jìn)行推測(cè)。can不用于表示肯定的推測(cè)。should have done表示“本應(yīng)該做某事，但未做”，不合句意。所以答案為A項(xiàng)。
練習(xí)：
1. —The light is still on. Mrs Li ______ be in the office.
—She ______ be there because I saw her go home just now.
A. must, may B. may, mustn't C. must, can't D. can, may not
2. At present too many trees ______ still ______ cut down.
A. is, being B. are, to be C. are, being D. is. be
3. There must be ______ for his being late.
A. some reasons B. some excuse C. some reason D. some results
4. The baby is sleeping. You ______ make any noise.
A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. don't have to
答案：1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C
Lesson 97 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案
Teaching Aims
1. Get to know how to make a telephone call.
2. Study the language points concerned with the dialogue.
3.Learn the dialogue by listening and act it out.
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Listening
Listen to the tape and then ask them some questions:
1. What do Mary and Lizzy have to do?
2. How many people are coming to the conference?
3. Why do they need the buses? Let's go on listening to the second part of the dialogue and see what happens when Mary rings the Bus Company.
4. Is Pat in the office?
5. What does Mary want Pat to do?
6. What’s Mary’s number?
Step2 Language study
Go through the dialogue briefly. Deal with the language points.
send out, get through, rig back , make up
Step 3 Performance
Make up the dialogue and then act it out in pairs. For example:
1.A: Can you ring up ….?
B: Hold on , please.
A:I can’t get through. The line’s busy.
A: I’ll try again later.
……….
2.A：Could I speak to …., please?
B: Sorry, She’s out.
A: Can I take a message ?
B: Yes.
A: Can you ask…to ring me back, please?
…….
Step 4 Practise
Situation 1:You want to visit the History Museum and you make a phone call, asking about the price of tickets; any cheaper tickets for students; the time the museum is open to public; whether it closes at weekends; what are on show and other things you want to know.
Situation2: You are supposed to organize a class-meeting next Monday. You make a phone call to your teacher, telling him/her your plan and ask for your teacher’s opinions.
Step 5 Exercises
Do the exercises in workbook L. 97.
Step 6 Homework
Finish the Workbook exercises.
Practise the dialogues in this lesson with a classmate.
Unit 25 At the conference