《未來自我的心理》英語演講稿
At every stage of our lives we make decisions that will profoundly influence the lives of the people we're going to become, and then when we become those people, we're not always thrilled with the decisions we made. So young people pay good money to get tattoos removed that teenagers paid good money to get. Middle-aged people rushed to divorce people who young adults rushed to marry. Older adults work hard to lose what middle-aged adults worked hard to gain. On and on and on. The question is, as a psychologist, that fascinates me is, why do we make decisions that our future selves so often regret?
在我們生命的每個階段，我們都會做出一些決定，這些決定會深刻影響未來我們自己的生活，當我們成為未來的自己時，我們并不總是對過去做過的決定感到高興，
《未來自我的心理》英語演講稿
。所以年輕人花很多錢洗去當還是青少年時花了很多錢做上的紋身。中年人急著跟年輕時迫不及待想結婚的人離婚。老年人很努力的揮霍著作為中年人時不停工作所賺的錢。如此沒完沒了。作為一個心理學家，讓我感興趣的問題是，為什么我們會做出讓自己將來常常后悔的決定?Now, I think one of the reasons -- I'll try to convince you today — is that we have a fundamental misconception about the power of time. Every one of you knows that the rate of change slows over the human lifespan, that your children seem to change by the minute but your parents seem to change by the year. But what is the name of this magical point in life where change suddenly goes from a gallop to a crawl? Is it teenage years? Is it middle age? Is it old age? The answer, it turns out, for most people, is now, wherever now happens to be. What I want to convince you today is that all of us are walking around with an illusion, an illusion that history, our personal history, has just come to an end, that we have just recently become the people that we were always meant to be and will be for the rest of our lives.
我認為其中一個原因——而我今天想說服你們的——就是我們對時間的力量有個基本的錯誤概念。你們每個人都知道變化的速度隨著人的年齡增長不斷放慢，孩子們好像每分鐘都有變化，而父母們的變化則要慢得多。那么生命中這個讓變化突然間從飛速變得緩慢的神奇轉折點應該叫什么呢?是青少年時期嗎?是中年時期嗎?是老年階段嗎?其實對大多數(shù)人來說，答案是，現(xiàn)在，無論現(xiàn)在發(fā)生在什么。今天我想讓大家明白的是，我們所有人都在圍繞著一種錯覺生活，這種錯覺就是，我們每個人的過去，都已經結束了，我們已經成為了我們應該成為的那種人，在余下的生命中也都會如此。
Let me give you some data to back up that claim. So here's a study of change in people's personal values over time. Here's three values. Everybody here holds all of them, but you probably know that as you grow, as you age, the balance of these values shifts. So how does it do so? Well, we asked thousands of people. We asked half of them to predict for us how much their values would change in the next 10 years, and the others to tell us how much their values had changed in the last 10 years. And this enabled us to do a really interesting kind of analysis, because it allowed us to compare the predictions of people, say, 18 years old, to the reports of people who were 28, and to do that kind of analysis throughout the lifespan.
我想給你們展示一些數(shù)據(jù)來支持這個觀點。這是一項關于人們的個人價值觀隨時間變化的研究。這里有3種價值觀。每個人的生活都與這三個價值觀相關，但是你們可能知道，隨著你們慢慢長大，變老，這三個價值觀的平衡點會不斷變化。到底是怎么回事呢?我們詢問了數(shù)千人，
資料共享平臺
《《未來自我的心理》英語演講稿》(http://www.ishadingyu.com)。我們讓他們當中一半的人預測了一下在未來10年中，他們的價值觀會發(fā)生多大的改變，讓另一半人告訴我們在過去的10年中，他們的價值觀發(fā)生了多大的變化。這項調查可以讓我們做一個很有趣的分析，因為它可以讓我們將大約18歲左右的人的預測同大約28歲左右的人的答案相比較，這項分析可以貫穿人的一生。Here's what we found. First of all, you are right, change does slow down as we age, but second, you're wrong, because it doesn't slow nearly as much as we think. At every age, from 18 to 68 in our data set, people vastly underestimated how much change they would experience over the next 10 years. We call this the "end of history" illusion. To give you an idea of the magnitude of this effect, you can connect these two lines, and what you see here is that 18-year-olds anticipate changing only as much as 50-year-olds actually do.
這是我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。首先，你們是對的，隨著我們年齡的增長，變化會減緩。第二，你們錯了，因為這種變化并不像我們想象的那么慢。在我們的數(shù)據(jù)庫從18歲到68歲的每一個年齡段中，人們大大的低估了在未來的'10年他們會經歷多少變化。我們把這叫做“歷史終止”錯覺。為了讓你們了解這種影響有多大， 你們可以把這兩條線連接起來，你們現(xiàn)在看到的是18歲的人群預期的改變僅僅和50歲的人群實際經歷的一樣。
Now it's not just values. It's all sorts of other things. For example, personality. Many of you know that psychologists now claim that there are five fundamental dimensions of personality: neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, extraversion, and conscientiousness. Again, we asked people how much they expected to change over the next 10 years, and also how much they had changed over the last 10 years, and what we found, well, you're going to get used to seeing this diagram over and over, because once again the rate of change does slow as we age, but at every age, people underestimate how much their personalities will change in the next decade.
現(xiàn)在不僅僅是價值觀了。其他的方面都也有變化。比如說，人格。你們當中的很多人知道現(xiàn)在心理學家們認為人格可以分為五個基本維度：神經質性，經驗汲取度，協(xié)調性，外向性和道德感。回到原來的話題，我們問人們他們期待未來的10年中自己會有多大的變化，以及他們在過去的10年中發(fā)生了多少變化，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了，你們會習慣不斷地看到這個圖表，因為又一次，變化速率隨著我們的年齡增長減慢了。但是在每一個年齡階段，人們都低估了在未來的十年中他們的人格會發(fā)生多大的改變。
And it isn't just ephemeral things like values and personality. You can ask people about their likes and dislikes, their basic preferences. For example, name your best friend, your favorite kind of vacation, what's your favorite hobby, what's your favorite kind of music. People can name these things. We ask half of them to tell us, "Do you think that that will change over the next 10 years?" and half of them to tell us, "Did that change over the last 10 years?" And what we find, well, you've seen it twice now, and here it is again: people predict that the friend they have now is the friend they'll have in 10 years, the vacation they most enjoy now is the one they'll enjoy in 10 years, and yet, people who are 10 years older all say, "Eh, you know, that's really changed."
而且不光是像價值觀和人格這樣的臨時性的特質。你們可以問問人們關于他們喜好和厭惡的事，他們基本的偏好。比如說，說出你最好朋友的名字，你最喜歡什么樣的假期，你最大的愛好是什么，你最喜歡什么樣的音樂。人們可以說出這些事情。我們讓他們當中的一半人告訴我們，“你認為這在未來10年內會改變嗎?”讓另一半告訴我們，“這個在過去十年內變化了嗎?”我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，嗯，這個圖你們已經看過2次了，再展示一次：人們推測他們現(xiàn)在的朋友在未來10年中還會是他們的朋友，他們喜歡的度假之地在未來10年內還會是他們喜歡的地方，然而，年長10歲的人都會說：“嗯，你知道，這確實不一樣了。”
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