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2001年考研英語作文考試透視
一、 試題Directions:
Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.
There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to
1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.
2) Give a specific example, and
3) Give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.
You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
二、 考生樣卷及修正版
Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest. It is of the utmost importance to the human beings. Everybody not only needs love, but also should give love.
As is described in the picture, "love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places." This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than ordinary people. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life and progress. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to step out of their difficulties.
For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his life. Or when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish her schooling and change her life, you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.
So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others so when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don't hesitate to give your love to him. I believe then the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.
給分:(20分)
評語:內容切題,包括題中所列三方面的全部內容;文章通順,語言流暢,句式變化多樣;用詞面較寬;雖有個別不妥之處,但該生基本功較好;表達強;長度符合要求。
修正版:
Love is of utmost importance to us humans. Everybody not only needs love but should also give others love. As can be seen from the picture, love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places. This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than others. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to help them step out of their difficulties.
Numerous examples might be easily given, but these will suffice. For instance, when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water may save his or her life. Again, when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish school and change her life. In these circumstances, you may have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light was most needed.
To sum up, we should offer our help to all the needy. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don't hesitate to give your love to him or her. I believe that if we can all do this the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.
三、 命題分析:規(guī)范性與靈活性
跟前十年的作文命題相比,2001年的作文命題發(fā)生了重大的變化,主要表現(xiàn)在如下幾個方面:
第一,分值由原來的15分鐘增加到20分,規(guī)定字數(shù)由原來的150詞增加到200詞。作為主觀題的短文寫作,其戰(zhàn)略意義已僅次于作為客觀題的閱讀理解,兩項分值加起來就是60分,因而其中任何項的失敗都會嚴重影響整個考試的得分。根據(jù)今年作文試卷的情況來看,使自己的英語寫作水平有一個質的提高是目前大部分考研準備者的當務之急。
第二,從命題形式上看,2001年的命題是一種新的形式。以往出現(xiàn)的命題形式包括提綱式作文(如92年)、圖哥作文(如99年)和圖畫作文(如2000年),純粹的情景式作文不太可能在今后的考試中出現(xiàn)。今年命題形式的特點是"情景+提綱+圖畫",綜合了多種命題的優(yōu)點,與新大綱樣題的精神相吻合。
第三,從命題所測試的中心內容來看,以往考查的中心內容有列舉、描述、對比、因果、概述等,并加以適當?shù)淖h論,2001年的命題則要求舉一個具體例子。
總體而言,2001年的作文命題思路還集中體現(xiàn)了規(guī)范性與靈活性的統(tǒng)一,而且這也是今后作文命題的基本原則和發(fā)展方向。規(guī)范性是指題目規(guī)定了寫作的主題是"love",三點提綱又限定了寫作內容和寫作手法,圖畫則為考生提供了一個形象的寫作對象和寫作思路,另外題目給出的情景也規(guī)定了要寫一篇投給newspaper的essay。在這種規(guī)范下,作文的內容和語言表達就具有了確定性和可預測性,考生也不需要在審題和構思上耗費過多的時間,可以集中精力在文字表達上下功夫。這樣做的好處是主觀題更具有了客觀參照標準,既能達到測試的目的和要求,又有利于考后的閱卷評分。靈活性是指在避免考生隨意發(fā)揮的前提下,給予一定的活動空間,以免產(chǎn)生千篇一律的答卷、以致于無法區(qū)分不同檔次的寫作水平。今年作文題的活動空間就基本限制在"give a speck example"之內。
應對作文題的關鍵不在于猜題、押題,而在于分清變與不變的關系。變的只是寫作的主題,甚至命題的形式,不變的是作文評分標準的各項內容和三段式布局。抓住了不變的東西就可以以不變應萬變。
四、答題分析:問題與對策
問題之一:審題的誤區(qū)
題目首先規(guī)定了作文的主題是"love",雖然明說"Everyone has his/her own understanding of it",但圖畫只提供了一種理解,那就是"愛心是一盞燈,在越黑暗的地方越明亮",意思是最需要愛心的地方愛心顯得最有價值。如果不把情景、提綱和圖畫進行綜合分析,寫作時就極可能發(fā)生偏離,結果有的就抓住"noblest"一詞大做文章,有的人則抓住"Everyone has Ms/her own understanding of it"羅列不同的人對"love"的理解,甚至對沒有"愛心"的人進行一番批斗。有一小部分考生挖空心思要想出一些與眾不同的理解,結果適得其反。比如,有位考生說:"圖畫的寓意非,F(xiàn)代,就是說談情說愛要有所講究,在黑暗的地方幽會比在大庭廣眾之下來得有味道。"接著,這位考生在第二段里歷數(shù)在黑暗中幽會的種種好處。另外,有考生把整個文章寫成了一篇情書,以"Darling"開頭,對他的戀人寫了200詞的美好回憶,中心思想是兩個人如何患難與共,如何真情難得。2∞0年也有一篇作文以第二幅畫中的那條魚為切人點,全文第一句為"我是一條幸運的小魚",接著歷數(shù)人類對魚類所犯下的種種滔天罪行,最后以大海中最后一條魚的身份對人類的行為做出批評并呼吁人類采取積極的措施。整篇文章文字優(yōu)美,流利通暢,一個錯誤都沒有。但在專家審查后只給了8分(滿分為15分)。理由只有一個:不按命題要求作文。以該篇文章的功底,按要求寫成三段式,得滿分是不成問題的。這樣的"奇?quot;歷年都有,得分最高的不超過及格分數(shù),今年的"情書"和"談情說愛"兩篇作文的文字都不錯,卻都只得了6分。
問題之二:謀篇布局的尷尬
有不少考生考完之后自吹寫了不下三百詞,且不說不能保證質量,判卷老師至少不會欣賞這種做法,規(guī)定200詞左右的作文絕不可以超過250詞。有些考生寫了五、六段,似乎想避免三段式之嫌,其實三段式結構是最好的,最多不能超過四段。如果是四段,第一段點題,說明一下自己的基本觀點,既可引用名句也可改寫題目給出的句子。第二段表明對圖哥意義的理解。實際上,這兩段完全可以合二為一,并作文章的第一段。
大多數(shù)考生寫第二段時不知該如何舉例,該如何構建這一段的內部結構。相當一部分考生仍然按照以前的思路,在第二段寫了幾條為什么要獻愛心的原因,或者愛心的幾種類型,或者愛心的幾個方面。稍微好一點兒的作文則在第二段里寫了一個干巴巴的明顯是編造出來故事。很多學生一碰到要舉獻愛心的例子,動不動就說家里父母身患絕癥,或者已經(jīng)與世長辭,家人朋友如何伸出友愛之手。而真正符合要求的處理方式是舉一個或多個例子,根據(jù)第一段所提出的觀點,適當?shù)丶右栽u論,點到為止,見好就收,形成一"face+ comment"的內部結構。更大的問題在于大部分考生在第二段中舉一個與第一段觀點和第三?quot;the best
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