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2008年高考英語(yǔ)應(yīng)對(duì)策略與基礎(chǔ)寫作指導(dǎo)
第一講 記敘文：如何寫人一、寫作指導(dǎo)
高考英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫作中的寫人側(cè)重人物的介紹，可以用第一人稱(如寫求職信)，也可以用第三人稱，時(shí)態(tài)常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，具體的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要依據(jù)寫作的要求來(lái)確定。寫作過(guò)程中要注意以下幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題：
1．人物寫作通常需要介紹人物的姓名、年齡、外貌、學(xué)歷、經(jīng)歷、專業(yè)、愛(ài)好、特長(zhǎng)、事跡、性格等多個(gè)方面，但英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)寫作需要嚴(yán)格按照寫作要求來(lái)寫，包括所給的全部信息點(diǎn)，既不能遺漏，也不能隨意添加。
2．對(duì)題目所給的信息要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)重組，安排好寫作順序，突出重點(diǎn)信息。重點(diǎn)信息通常是寫作的目的所在，比如求職要重點(diǎn)突出學(xué)歷、經(jīng)歷，新聞報(bào)道要重點(diǎn)突出事跡，介紹自己的老師、朋友要突出他們的特點(diǎn)，等等。
3．正確運(yùn)用描寫人物的詞匯和句型。
4．注意運(yùn)用正確的時(shí)態(tài)。描寫人物的外貌、性格、興趣等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而描寫人物的出生、教育背景、經(jīng)歷、事跡常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
二、常用詞語(yǔ)
外貌特征：beautiful, big nose, black eyes，fat, good-looking，handsome, healthy, near-sighted，ordinary-looking， pretty，short，strong, tall， thin, with a big nose, with a big smile, white-haired，1.80 metres tall, etc.
性格特點(diǎn)：absent-minded, attractive，bad-tempered，be ready to help others, bright，charming，confident, diligent，friendly, generous, have a good temper, humorous，independent, kind, kind-hearted，lazy，narrow-minded, naughty，patient，think of others, smart，talkative， warm-hearted，wise，etc.
出生年齡：a twenty-five-year-old young man, as a boy of 15, at the age of 20, be born on February 12th, 1987 , during his childhood, in one’s fifties, live a happy/ hard life, spend his childhood in the countryside, the son of a poor family, when he was a small boy, etc.
興趣愛(ài)好：be angry with sb for sth, be angry about, be delighted in doing, be good at singing, be interested in English, be fond of music, be crazy about, be pleased with, be sick for, be sorry for, be strict in one’s work, be worried about, do well in his research work, ,enjoy doing, expect to do, feel surprised at, have a strong desire to do, look forward to doing sth., long for (long to do), make rapid progress in, put one’s heart into, take a pleasure in doing; wish to do, work hard at his studies, etc.
教育背景： be admitted to Beijing University, be enrolled in, fail in the test, get a master’s degree, get on well with one’s lessons, give sb. a passing grade, go abroad to further one’s study, graduate from Physics Department of Qinghua University, his father was very strict with him, lay a good foundation in English, major in history, receive a doctor’s degree, pass the examination, study hard at, take several courses at school, take an active part in class，when at college, etc.
經(jīng)歷事跡： become a member of the team, concentrate oneself to doing sth., devote oneself to one’s business, do sth with great determination and perseverance, do research into this field, encourage sb to do sth, fight for our revolutionary course, give up one’s life for sth, have a good way of doing sth, have a talent for language, make up one’s mind to do sth., overcome many difficulties, receive the Nobel Prize for physics, serve as nurse, set a new world record of 110 metre hurdling, try one’s best to do sth., win the first prize in the competition, win a gold /silver/ bronze medal, etc.
他人評(píng)價(jià)：an inspiring leader, a model worker, an advanced teacher, be respected by all his students, be honored as, be considered as, be famous/known as, be regarded as, his hard work brought him great success, make great contributions to our country, one of the most important persons in the past ten years, consider sb. as a genius, consider sb. as the greatest leader, set a good example for all of us, speak highly of him, etc.
三、實(shí)例分析
【例1】 李華自我介紹
假設(shè)你是李華，申請(qǐng)到一家外資企業(yè)工作，你需要用英文給人事部經(jīng)理寫一封信，介紹自己的基本情況，簡(jiǎn)介信包括下表所列內(nèi)容：
姓名 李華 出生年月 1981年8月
出生地 廣東省佛山市
學(xué)歷 1994—2000 佛山第一中學(xué)
2000—2004 廣州大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)系
2004—至今 在一家計(jì)算機(jī)公司工作
所學(xué)主要課程 計(jì)算機(jī)、中文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語(yǔ)、體育
特長(zhǎng)愛(ài)好 游泳（曾獲得過(guò)大學(xué)游泳比賽一等獎(jiǎng)），音樂(lè)
寫作要求：
1． 簡(jiǎn)介必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容（信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好）；
2． 使用5個(gè)句子。
Dear Manager,
I am waiting for your reply.
Thank you.
Yours Truly,
Li Hua
寫作指導(dǎo)：
文體 記敘文，用第一人稱
信息組織 ①寫信目的，到貴公司工作；②姓名、出生地點(diǎn)、日期； ③學(xué)習(xí)簡(jiǎn)歷；④學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，現(xiàn)在情況；⑤愛(ài)好和特長(zhǎng)
時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)
參考范文：
Dear Manager,
I am writing you a letter in order to apply for a position in your company. My name is Li Hua and I was born in Foshan City of Guangdong Province in August 1981. I studied in Foshan No. 1 Middle School from 1994 - 2000, and then I came to study in the Computer Department of Guangzhou University for four years. I studied computer science, Chinese, maths, English, P.E, and now I am working for a computer company. I like pop music and swimming very much, and I once won the first prize for swimming in the school competition.
I am waiting for your reply.
Thank you.
Yours Truly,
Li Hua
【例 2】介紹姚明和劉翔
假設(shè)你是李華，正在美國(guó)參加學(xué)習(xí)，課堂上老師要求你簡(jiǎn)要介紹我國(guó)的名人，你選擇了姚明和劉翔，兩位體育明星，他們的基本情況如下：
姓名 姚明 劉翔
出生 1980年，上海 1983年，上海
事跡 世界著名籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，現(xiàn)在美國(guó)NBA火箭隊(duì)效力，球隊(duì)主力隊(duì)員之一，多次進(jìn)入美國(guó)全明星隊(duì)。 多次獲得世界110米欄冠軍，2004年雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍，不久以后還打破了世界記錄。
愛(ài)好 聽(tīng)流行音樂(lè) 音樂(lè)，唱歌
寫作要求：
1． 簡(jiǎn)介必須包括以上全部?jī)?nèi)容（開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)為你寫好）；
2． 使用5個(gè)句子。
3． 參考詞匯：火箭隊(duì) Rocket， 110米欄110-metre hurdling，雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)——the Athens Olympic Games
Hi, everyone. I would like to introduce two famous sport stars, Yao Ming and Liu Xiang.
____________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
寫作指導(dǎo)：
文體 記敘文，用第三人稱
信息組織 有兩條線索：一是分別對(duì)比兩人的各項(xiàng)情況，二是先介紹姚明，再介紹劉翔。第二條線索比較好。
�、僖γ鳎@球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，出生；②主力隊(duì)員，明星隊(duì)； ③劉翔，110米欄世界冠軍；④04雅典冠軍，打破記錄；⑤兩人的愛(ài)好。
時(shí)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)
參考例文：
Hi, everyone. I would like to introduce two famous sport stars, Yao Ming and Liu Xiang. Yao Ming, born in Shanghai in 1980, is a world famous basketball player. He is now one of the best players in Team Rocket in NBA, and he has been in All-Star Team for several times. Liu Xiang, who was also born in Shanghai but three years younger than Yao Ming, is a world champion in the 110-metre hurdls. He won the first prize in the Athens Olympic Games and broke the world record soon after that. Both of them love music, but Yao Ming likes listening to pop music whilst Liu Xiang likes singing.
四、即時(shí)練習(xí)
1. 介紹同學(xué)
假設(shè)你是李華，學(xué)校網(wǎng)站英文版通訊員，最近學(xué)校網(wǎng)站準(zhǔn)備宣傳一些優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，請(qǐng)你用英文為李敏同學(xué)寫一篇簡(jiǎn)介，李敏同學(xué)的基本情況如下：
姓名 李敏 職務(wù) 高二（1）班班長(zhǎng)
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