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高考英語(yǔ)作文之日記寫作指南
1．寫英語(yǔ)日記與英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)系
人們常說(shuō)：要真正學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，就要培養(yǎng)用英語(yǔ)思想的能力。但是，要做到這一點(diǎn)是不容易的。有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單易行的辦法可以幫助我們練習(xí)用英語(yǔ)思想，那就是用英語(yǔ)寫日記。日記是十分自由的文體，不像作文，必須有正式的主題，講究文體。日記是思想，是感情，是內(nèi)心的一切。有朋友來(lái)你家作客，你可以寫：We had a wonderful time together． 春節(jié)快到了，你或許可以這樣寫：The Spring Festival is around the corner. It’s the most important occasion for the family reunion．甚至在夏天與蚊子的“斗爭(zhēng)”也可以成為日記的內(nèi)容：These annoying mosquitoes didn’t seem to be afraid of the mosquito coil(蚊香)I burned. So I had to hang up a mosquito-net. It was fun to lie inside the net reading a favorite magazine while those unpleasant small insects were looking at me helplessly outside.
實(shí)際上，用英語(yǔ)寫日記是最有效的練習(xí)英語(yǔ)寫作的形式。它能夠讓你從各種生活細(xì)節(jié)及感受中學(xué)到最生活化、最地道的英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)。比如：你今天吃了龍蝦，英語(yǔ)是 lobster；你想說(shuō)某個(gè)女同學(xué)堪稱“�；ā�，那是 school beauty；考試作弊是 cheat in the exam，等等。因此，可以這么說(shuō)：如果你能流利地寫出好的英語(yǔ)日記，你的英語(yǔ)就已經(jīng)成功了一大半。
2．寫好英語(yǔ)日記的要點(diǎn)
1)養(yǎng)成積累詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣
從某種意義上說(shuō)，寫英語(yǔ)日記又是最難的寫作，因?yàn)樗_萬(wàn)象，涉及到生活的各個(gè)方面，對(duì)詞匯的要求特別高。因此，在日常學(xué)習(xí)中，必須做一個(gè)“有心人”，準(zhǔn)備一本筆記本，對(duì)一些英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法及時(shí)記錄下來(lái)，以便在以后記日記的時(shí)候可以使用。在開始記日記時(shí)，碰到一兩個(gè)英語(yǔ)詞匯不會(huì)寫，不妨用漢語(yǔ)先寫上，以后學(xué)會(huì)了英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，再補(bǔ)上去。千萬(wàn)不要因?yàn)橐粌蓚�(gè)詞寫不出，就沒了記英語(yǔ)日記的興趣，以至放棄用英語(yǔ)記日記。只要你注意積累，一定會(huì)發(fā)覺自己英語(yǔ)日記中夾雜的漢語(yǔ)會(huì)越來(lái)越少，最后變?yōu)槿康氐赖挠⒄Z(yǔ)日記。
2)英語(yǔ)日記的寫作格式
日記的第一行，要寫明年、月、日與星期，然后要寫明當(dāng)天的氣候狀況，如果是游記，還要寫明地點(diǎn)。這一部分中天氣狀況比較難寫。下面是一些常用的描寫天氣的英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)：
晴 clear 陰 overcast 多云 cloudy 小雨 light rain
大雨 heavy rain 毛毛雨 drizzle 陣雨 shower
東風(fēng) east wind 南風(fēng) south wind 西風(fēng) west wind
北風(fēng) north wind 西南風(fēng) southwester 東南風(fēng) southeaster
東北風(fēng) northeaster 西北風(fēng) northwester
氣溫 temperature
炎熱 scorching heat 寒冷 icy cold 下雪 snow
冰雹 hail 虹 rainbow
日記正文可以是敘事、描述、說(shuō)明、議論等各種形式。其實(shí)，由于日記是非常隨便的，因此上述文體常常結(jié)合在一起使用。日記內(nèi)容取自生活，可長(zhǎng)可短，有時(shí)無(wú)事可記，一兩句也可以。切忌今天記，明天不記，三天打魚，兩天曬網(wǎng)，破壞了記日記的情趣。另外，日記也應(yīng)該盡可能講究一些文采，切忌寫成流水賬。
3)英語(yǔ)日記中的縮寫與省略
英語(yǔ)日記中的第一行的月份與星期通常都是縮寫的：
Sunday----Sun Monday----Mon.
Tuesday----Tues. Wednesday----Wed.
Thursday----Thur. 或 Thurs. Friday----Fri.
Saturday----Sat. January----Jan.
February----Feb. March----Mar.
April----Apr. May----May. June----Jun.
July----Jul. August----Aug.
September----Sept. October----Oct.
November----Nov. December----Dec.
另外，英語(yǔ)日記中由于頻繁出現(xiàn)I，因此，常常省略，如：In the evening went with Xiao Li to the cinema. Finishing exercises, went to play tennis. 但如果省去I，會(huì)造成語(yǔ)義不清時(shí)，則不可省去：
My sister is good at English, but I am just so-so.
實(shí)際上，省與不省I，只是作者的一種習(xí)慣，為了記日記的方便。
最后需要一提的是，英語(yǔ)日記習(xí)慣一年一本，因此日期不必寫年份，而只是在每年一本的日記本封面上或者在日記的第一頁(yè)和最后一頁(yè)加以注明即可。
下面三則學(xué)生日記供讀者參考：
Sun., Feb. 1 Overcast
The night before the examination
The clock struck eleven at night. The whole house was quiet. Everyone was in bed except me. Under the strong light, I looked gloomily before me at a huge pile of that disgusting stuff they call“books”.
I was going to have my examination the next day. “Whencan I go to bed ” I asked myself. I did not answer. In fact I dared not.
The clock struck 12.“Oh, dear!”I cried. “Ten more books to read before I can go to bed!”We students are the most wretched creatures in the world.
考試是學(xué)生日記“永恒的主題”，寫得真實(shí)有趣。
Mon., May 9 Clear
A watermelon
Got a present of a watermelon cooled down in the well(在井里冷卻過(guò)的)from my next-door neighbour. As I was very thirsty, enjoyed it very much. They say the watermelons have turned out very well this summer due to the dry weather.
“鄰居送西瓜”這樣一件小事，充滿生活樂(lè)趣。當(dāng)然可以作為日記的材料。文中有省略I的地方。
Thurs ., Jan . 7 Very fine
A sunny day
I got up early today to watch the sunrise. While I waited for the sun to rise, I sat beside my window and thought of my future. Soon I will be a grown man and I won’t be a baby anymore. Maybe I’ll be going to college if I pass the college entrance examination. I didn’t want to think of not passing this important examination, for my parents are counting on me to do so.
Anyway, if I don’t pass this one I should try again next year. I thought about my parents too. They have worked so hard to give us children a good life. Now, they are getting older little by little. There are more grey hairs now in Mother’s hair. As for my father, he’s beginning to have a hard time reading the newspaper. He uses a pair of glasses now. All these thoughts touch me and tell me that time is indeed swiftly passing.
The sun was coming out of the horizon. First it was just a ray of light. But little by little the whole circle started coming into view. The sky was a bright orange with a blue haze surrounding the emptiness. Soon I could feel the warmth of the sun as its rays passed through my window pane. The view was really beautiful, more beautiful than any picture I had ever seen. In a few minutes everyone was awake and everyone went on their own way with their lives. Another day started and it was another beginning for all of us.
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