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高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo):全面回顧被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的應(yīng)用(2)
二、 如何使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不僅要知道被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),還要知
道在哪些情況中使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
1. 講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 (這時(shí)可
省 by 短語(yǔ))。
例 My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should
accept the offer.
3. 為了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was
immediately recognized by people. (一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了)
三、 It is said that+從句及其他類似句型
一些表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider,
expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+過(guò)
去分詞+that從句”或“主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+to do sth.”。有:
It is said that… 據(jù)說(shuō),It is reported that…據(jù)報(bào)道,It is
believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is
well known that…眾所周知,It is thought that…大家認(rèn)為,It
is suggested that…據(jù)建議!
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
(=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )
四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義
1.英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,
open,sell,read,write,wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述
主語(yǔ)特征時(shí),常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征,而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)
外界作用造成的影響。
試比較:The door won't lock. (指門本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門, 指“門沒(méi)有
鎖”是人的原因)
2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ),如:happen,
last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true,
run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的
呢?
3. 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞
feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表
示被動(dòng)意義。
例Your reason sounds reasonable.
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