2024年全國(guó)高考英語試題及答案
在現(xiàn)實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)、工作中，我們都經(jīng)�？吹皆囶}的身影，借助試題可以更好地對(duì)被考核者的知識(shí)才能進(jìn)行考察測(cè)驗(yàn)。一份好的試題都具備什么特點(diǎn)呢？以下是小編整理的全國(guó)高考英語試題及答案，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
第一部分 聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié) （共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.
答案是C。
1. What is Kate doing?
A. Boarding a flight. B. Arranging a trip. C. Seeing a friend off.
2. What are the speakers talking about?
A. A pop star. B. An old song. C. A radio program.
3. What will the speakers do today?
A. Go to an art show. B. Meet the man’s aunt. C. Eat out with Mark.
4. What does the man want to do?
A. Cancel an order. B. Ask for a receipt. C. Reschedule a delivery.
5. When will the next train to Bedford leave?
A. At 9:45. B. At 10:15. C. At 11:00.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6. What will the weather be like today?
A. Stormy. B. Sunny. C. Foggy.
7. What is the man going to do?
A. Plant a tree. B. Move his car. C. Check the map.
聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。
8. Why is Kathy in California now?
A. She is on vacation there. B. She has just moved there. C. She is doing business there.
9. What is the relationship between Tom and Fiona?
A. Husband and wife. B. Brother and sister. C. Father and daughter.
10. What does Kathy thank Dave for?
A. Finding her a new job. B. Sending her a present. C. Calling on her mother.
聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。
11. How did Jack go to school when he was a child?
A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By bus.
12. What is Jack’s attitude toward parents driving their kids to school?
A. Disappointing. B. Encouraging. C. Understanding.
13. What is the problem with some parents according to the woman?
A. Overprotecting their children.
B. Pushing their children too hard.
C. Having no time for their children.
聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。
14. Why did Marie post her kitchen gardening online at first?
A. To keep records of her progress.
B. To sell home-grown vegetables.
C. To motivate her fellow gardeners.
15. Why does Marie recommend beginners to grow strawberries?
A. They need no special care. B. They can be used in cooking. C. They bear a lot of fruit soon.
16. What is difficult for Marie to grow?
A. Herbs. B. Carrots. C. Pears.
17. What is Marie’s advice to those interested in kitchen gardening?
A. Aim high. B. Keep focused. C. Stay optimistic.
聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。
18. What is “Life of Johnson”?
A. A magazine column. B. A TV series. C. A historical novel.
19. What is Johnson famous for?
A. His acting talent. B. His humorous writing. C. His long sports career.
20. When did Johnson join Sports Times?
A. In 1981. B. In 1983. C. In 1985.
第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）
第一節(jié) （共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (滿足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time
Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan.15 10:00am–1:00pm
Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan.22 10:00am–2:30pm
Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan.29 9:30am–2:30pm
Coyote Ridge Trailhead
21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
23. What are the volunteers expected to do?
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
B
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (針灸) on a rabbit, “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (獸醫(yī)) now practicing “holistic” medicine — combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩療法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?
A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?
A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
C
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心態(tài)) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假說).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音頻) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
D
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標(biāo)本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
第二節(jié) （共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同義詞詞典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.
39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
第三部分 語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié) （共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 41 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 42 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was
43 for a “super”, referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 44 it! Between the girl making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 47 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 48 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 49 her bike and went for a ride. The 50 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 51 . That day, I got 52 by about 100 “l(fā)ocal” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 53 .
I’ve 54 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 55 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently
43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
45. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence
46. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason
47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with
48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved
49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked
50. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice
51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges
52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped
53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing
54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
第二節(jié) （共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (鋁). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61 first time. These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England.
第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié) （滿分15分）
假定你是李華，上周五你們班在公園上了一堂美術(shù)課，請(qǐng)你給英國(guó)朋友Chris寫一封郵件分享這次經(jīng)歷，內(nèi)容包括：
�。�1）你完成的作品；
（2）你的感想。
注意：
�。�1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；
（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二節(jié) （滿分25分）
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September. I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference. Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague. The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
That was when I met Gunter. I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn’t heard of the bus station. I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused. When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend. After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.
Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. Thankfully, there was a long queue (隊(duì)列) still waiting to board the bus. Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face. “We made it,” he said.
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet. I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along. A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.
At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station. There, at the entrance, was a cash machine. I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: “Out of order. Sorry.”
注意：
（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右。
（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.
參考答案及解析
第一部分 聽力
1–5 CBACA 6–10 ABBBC 11–15 BCAAC 16–20 BCABC
第二部分 閱讀
第一節(jié)
A
本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)地區(qū)生物棲息地修復(fù)工作隊(duì)的工作內(nèi)容和招募志愿者的要求，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生熱愛勞動(dòng)、參與勞動(dòng)、享受勞動(dòng)。
21. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites ...”可知，生物棲息地修復(fù)工作隊(duì)的目標(biāo)是幫助恢復(fù)并保護(hù)從馬林角地（Marin Headlands）到博利納斯嶺（Bolinas Ridge）的馬林縣（Marin）自然區(qū)域。故選C。
22. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”可知，參與生物棲息地修復(fù)工作隊(duì)的最低年齡要求為10歲。故選B。
23. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分中的“We’ll be working rain or shine.”可知，志愿者們的工作無畏風(fēng)雨，始終堅(jiān)守。故選B。
B
本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一名外國(guó)獸醫(yī)借鑒中醫(yī)技術(shù)，通過針灸幫助動(dòng)物治療的故事。
24. A 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段中的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.”可知，F(xiàn)arber的同事嘲笑他用這種異乎尋常的方法。由此推知，在Farber的同事看來，F(xiàn)arber是古怪的。odd“奇怪的；怪異的；反常的”。故選A。
25. C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的內(nèi)容尤其是“What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.”可知，F(xiàn)arber基于自己背疼在接受針灸治療后顯著緩解的親身經(jīng)歷，深信這一方法對(duì)他的病人（動(dòng)物）也同樣有效。因此，他打算通過針灸幫助動(dòng)物治療。故選C。
26. D 段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Leigh Tindale’s dog”以及“And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy”的治療經(jīng)歷可知，第三段通過舉例說明了這種中西醫(yī)相結(jié)合的整體療法的功效。故選D。
27. A 目的意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700”可知，作者通過引用美國(guó)整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)日益增長(zhǎng)的會(huì)員人數(shù)作為實(shí)證，有力地支持了Farber的觀點(diǎn)，即整體方法在未來將愈發(fā)受到青睞和歡迎。故選A。
C
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀在學(xué)習(xí)效果上的差異。盡管數(shù)字內(nèi)容在教育領(lǐng)域扮演著重要角色，但紙質(zhì)閱讀在需要深度理解和精神集中的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)中仍然占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)。
28. D 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第二段“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.”可知，本段的核心論點(diǎn)是在閱讀好幾百字材料的時(shí)候，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)紙質(zhì)書相比電子屏幕，在習(xí)得感方面紙質(zhì)書更勝一籌，有很多研究證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)。再根據(jù)“The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks ... to ones that require mental abstraction”（當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)者從布置簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向需要心智抽象的任務(wù)時(shí)，紙質(zhì)閱讀的優(yōu)點(diǎn)特別明顯。）可知，“shine through”在這里的意思是“變得容易注意到”。故選D。
29. A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.”可知，淺化假設(shè)認(rèn)為讀者對(duì)待數(shù)字文本的態(tài)度較為輕率，不如閱讀紙質(zhì)文本時(shí)投入的心理努力多。即他們沒有嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待電子文本，不嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待是“take sth lightly”。故選A。
30. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Audio (音頻) and video can feel more engaging than text”可知，音頻和視頻比文本更吸引人。下文提到大學(xué)教師越來越多地使用這些技術(shù)，在課堂上越來越青睞它們。這表明教師使用音頻和視頻是因?yàn)樗鼈兡芪龑W(xué)生的注意力。故選A。
31. C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.”可知，在需要精神集中和反思以最大化學(xué)習(xí)的地方，教育工作者不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為所有的媒體都是一樣的，即使它們包含相同的文字。這表明在教育領(lǐng)域中，紙質(zhì)文本不能被完全替代。故選C。
D
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)的專家發(fā)現(xiàn)上傳生物樣本數(shù)據(jù)的方式（電子媒介或拍照）有局限，這些觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)存在偏差，并提出了改善建議。
32. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.”可知，現(xiàn)在收集的大部分生物多樣性記錄都是照片、視頻和其他數(shù)字記錄的形式，即主要是電子版的形式。故選B。
33. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (標(biāo)本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”（這些觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)現(xiàn)在超過了來自物理標(biāo)本的主要數(shù)據(jù)，并且我們?cè)絹碓蕉嗟厥褂糜^測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)來研究物種如何對(duì)全球變化作出反應(yīng)。我想知道：這些數(shù)據(jù)是否可用？）可知，Daru的研究主要聚焦于這些觀察性數(shù)據(jù)是不是可以代表實(shí)際的全球生物多樣性背后的規(guī)律。所以Daru的研究聚焦點(diǎn)是觀察性數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。
34. C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段可知，Daru特別感興趣的是采樣中可能導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面，比如網(wǎng)民們會(huì)因?yàn)榛ū炔莞语@眼而拍花，而不是拍草；以及第五段最后一句話“These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.”（這些數(shù)據(jù)也偏向于具有吸引力或引人注目的特征的某些物種。）可知，導(dǎo)致偏差的原因是采樣方式不當(dāng)。故選C。
35. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”可知，采樣的用戶可以征求專家的意見，以來核實(shí)他們上傳圖片的真實(shí)身份，也就是說專家可以給網(wǎng)民科學(xué)家一些指導(dǎo)。故選D。
第二節(jié)
本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講了紙質(zhì)字典不僅僅在檢查拼寫方面權(quán)威，同時(shí)在檢查詞源、區(qū)分同義詞、發(fā)音方面會(huì)給出很多詳細(xì)信息，同時(shí)，作者覺得閑暇時(shí)間閱讀幾頁字典是非常值得的體驗(yàn)。
36. F 空前說“如果你想讓自己的作品發(fā)表，提交一份完美的、專業(yè)的手稿是至關(guān)重要的。”空后說“沒有哪個(gè)編輯會(huì)容忍一個(gè)不愿花心思拼寫正確單詞的作家�！备鶕�(jù)上下文語境可推知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.”符合語境，該句中的That指代上文提到的“submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿)”這件事，進(jìn)一步指出完美無瑕的原稿意味著語法正確且沒有拼寫錯(cuò)誤。同時(shí)，該句中的“no spelling mistakes”呼應(yīng)下文中的“spell words correctly”。故選F。
37. B 空前說“我不信任自己電腦中的拼寫檢測(cè)器”。根據(jù)上文語境可推知，空處應(yīng)是解釋作者不信任自己電腦中的拼寫檢測(cè)器的原因。B項(xiàng)“It takes no account of the context.（它不會(huì)考慮上下文。）”符合語境，It指代上文提到的“my laptop’s spellchecker”。故選B。
38. E 空后說“它應(yīng)該給出每個(gè)單詞的精確定義，從而將其與其他含義相近但不同的單詞區(qū)分開來。它通常還會(huì)展示單詞的發(fā)音�！备鶕�(jù)空后句意可推知，空處應(yīng)和下文構(gòu)成并列且遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系。E項(xiàng)“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.”符合語境，這句話既是對(duì)上文提到的字典功能的一個(gè)補(bǔ)充，說明字典不僅僅是用來檢查拼寫的，還和下文介紹字典功能的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成并列遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選E。
39. A 空后說“但是，如果我需要檢查一個(gè)單詞的起源或查找其用法示例，沒有什么比這更好的了”，也就是說，作者有必要的時(shí)候，還是要用到這個(gè)字典的。另外，根據(jù)空后的However可推知，空處和下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。因此A項(xiàng)“I don’t often use this dictionary.（我并不經(jīng)常使用這個(gè)字典。）”符合語境。故選A。
40. D 通讀最后一段可知，空前提到Samuel Johnson吐槽編寫字典是最無聊的經(jīng)歷；空后說“花幾分鐘的時(shí)間瀏覽一兩頁可能是一種有益的體驗(yàn)�！备鶕�(jù)上下文語境可推知，空處應(yīng)和上文構(gòu)成對(duì)比關(guān)系，說明盡管編寫字典是一項(xiàng)乏味的工作，但閱讀字典卻可以是一種享受，因此D項(xiàng)“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.”符合語境。該選項(xiàng)中的“a pleasure”和上文的“dull work”形成對(duì)比，同時(shí)呼應(yīng)下文的“a rewarding experience”。故選D。
第三部分 語言運(yùn)用
第一節(jié)
本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者被他人的成就激勵(lì)，開始跑馬拉松，但因感到自己的努力相形見絀而氣餒，放棄跑馬拉松。而后作者嘗試騎行，又因一次騎行中道路艱難，被許多當(dāng)?shù)仳T行者超越，失去了對(duì)騎行的興趣。最終作者認(rèn)識(shí)到要設(shè)定自我驅(qū)動(dòng)的目標(biāo)。
41. C 根據(jù)下文作者受到激勵(lì)開始跑步可知，一位鄰居朋友贏得了馬拉松比賽。know“知道；了解”；hold“召開；舉行”；win“贏”；quit“停止；放棄”。故選C。
42. A 根據(jù)語境可知，作者受到了激勵(lì)開始定期跑步，下文中的“First”“Then, the next day”也是提示。regularly“定期地；有規(guī)律地”；silently“默默地”；proudly“驕傲地；自豪地”；recently“最近”。故選A。
43. D 根據(jù)下文中“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，“super”指的是52.4英里的雙程馬拉松。再根據(jù)語境及常識(shí)可知，作者遇見的女孩正在為“超級(jí)馬拉松”訓(xùn)練。ask“詢問”；look“尋找”；wait“等待”；train“訓(xùn)練”。故選D。
44. C 根據(jù)下文中的“the pure boredom of jogging”及“the only I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”可推知，作者討厭長(zhǎng)跑。make“使成功”；believe“相信”；hate“討厭”；deserve“值得”。故選C。
45. B 根據(jù)上文中的“a 52.4-mile double marathon”及下文中的“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”可知，遇見那個(gè)女孩的第二天，作者跑出了自己的最遠(yuǎn)距離，但與那個(gè)女孩相比，作者覺得自己的成就看起來很微不足道。advantage“優(yōu)勢(shì)”；achievement“成就”；contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”；influence“影響”。故選B。
46. D 根據(jù)上文中的“Between the girl making my seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”及下文中的“if a big dog was running after me”可知，作者決定放棄跑馬拉松了，除非大狗追他/她，否則他/她再也沒有理由跑步了。way“方式；手段”；risk“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”；place“位置；地點(diǎn)”；reason“原因；理由”。故選D。
47. C 根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容及下文中的“I got a good bike and rode a lot.”可知，作者轉(zhuǎn)向騎自行車了。give up“放棄”；go on“繼續(xù)”；turn to“轉(zhuǎn)向”；deal with“處理”。故選C。
48. B 根據(jù)語境可知，作者夢(mèng)想著參加自行車比賽。hear“聽說”；dream“夢(mèng)想”；complain“抱怨”；approve“贊成；批準(zhǔn)”。故選B。
49. B 根據(jù)語境可知，作者去圣地亞哥拜訪自己的妹妹，當(dāng)她有一天去工作的時(shí)候，作者借了她的自行車去騎行。paint“涂漆；用顏料畫”；borrow“借”；buy“買”；park“停車”。故選B。
50. A 根據(jù)下文“The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者遇到了困難或問題。problem“難題；困難”；secret“秘密”；principle“原則”；advice“建議”。故選A。
51. D 作者騎車穿越大山谷，需要不斷上坡。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者從沒面對(duì)過這樣的挑戰(zhàn)。danger“危險(xiǎn)”；event“事件”；opponent“對(duì)手”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”。故選D。
52. A 根據(jù)下文“by about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”可知，作者被大約100名“本地”騎行者超過了。pass“超過”；convince“說服”；admire“欽佩”；stop“停止”。故選A。
53. D 上文提到，作者被很多騎行者超過了。因此，該處指作者回到家后，突然感覺騎自行車不再那么吸引人了。reliable“可靠的”；convenient“方便的”；familiar“熟悉的”；appealing“吸引人的”。故選D。
54. B 根據(jù)上文提到的作者跑步和騎行的經(jīng)歷可知，作者在不停地發(fā)掘自己真正的喜好，再根據(jù)下文中的“I’ve come to accept”可推知，該處指作者從那時(shí)起成熟了很多。travel“旅行”；mature“成熟”；miss“錯(cuò)過”；worry“擔(dān)心”。故選B。
55. C 通讀全文可知，文章描述了作者如何被他人的成就激勵(lì)，又因感到自己的努力相形見絀而氣餒，最終認(rèn)識(shí)到設(shè)定目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是自我驅(qū)動(dòng)的。limit“限制”；date“日期”；goal意為“目標(biāo)”；test“測(cè)試”。故選C。
第二節(jié)
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)“絲路花園”的整體設(shè)計(jì)及其中新建成的玻璃溫室，體現(xiàn)了古絲綢之路對(duì)英國(guó)園林藝術(shù)的影響。
56. engineering 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這種兼具保護(hù)性和美觀性的實(shí)用結(jié)構(gòu)巧妙地融入了最先進(jìn)的工程技術(shù)。分析句子成分和句意可知，空處為非謂語，修飾名詞“techniques”，表示“工程技術(shù)”，應(yīng)用engineer的動(dòng)名詞形式，意為“工程設(shè)計(jì)，工程學(xué)，工程”。故填engineering。
57. functional 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意同上。分析句子成分和句意可知，空處與前面的形容詞protective并列，作定語修飾后面的名詞structure，應(yīng)用function的形容詞形式。故填functional。
58. to give 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在溫暖的天氣里，溫室會(huì)打開，給里面的植物提供陽光和新鮮空氣。分析句子成分可知，空處為非謂語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式形式，表明暖和的天開放的目的是讓太陽光進(jìn)來和通風(fēng)。故填to give。
59. closed 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：然后在較冷的天氣下，該結(jié)構(gòu)保持關(guān)閉狀態(tài)以保護(hù)植物。分析句子成分可知，空處位于系動(dòng)詞stay后，應(yīng)用close的形容詞形式，表示“關(guān)閉的”。故填closed。
60. walks 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：此外，絲綢之路花園周圍的溫室巧妙地引領(lǐng)游客踏上一段旅程，使他們深切感受到古絲綢之路的深遠(yuǎn)影響。正是在這條古老的貿(mào)易之路上，絲綢、香料以及眾多植物品種首次被引入英國(guó)。分析句子成分可知，空處為句中謂語，句子主語為“the Silk Route Garden”；再根據(jù)上文中的動(dòng)詞“open”和“stays”可知，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填walks。walk sb through sth“（循序漸進(jìn)地）幫助，引導(dǎo)”。
61. the 考查冠詞。句意同上。for the first time“第一次”，為固定搭配。故填the。
62. favourites 考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：這些植物包括現(xiàn)代西方人的最愛，如迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。分析句子成分可知，空處與“modern Western”一起構(gòu)成名詞短語，作動(dòng)詞“include”的賓語。且favourite作名詞時(shí)，意為“最喜歡的人（或事物）”，是可數(shù)名詞。故填favourites。
63. as 考查介詞。句意：玻璃溫室無疑是當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的璀璨明珠，坐落于一條追溯古絲綢之路軌跡的盡頭，用于展示來自中國(guó)西南部的植物。這些植物從亞洲的原生地被引進(jìn)，后來定義了英國(guó)園藝的豐富多樣性。分析句子成分和句意可知，空處應(yīng)填介詞“as”，意為“作為”，表示動(dòng)態(tài)溫室是作為一項(xiàng)當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的最高成就而存在。故填as。
64. that/which 考查定語從句。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞“the Silk Route”，且先行詞是物，在從句中作主語。故填that/which。
65. richness 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意同上。分析句子成分可知，空處位于定冠詞“the”后，應(yīng)用rich的名詞形式。故填richness。
第四部分 寫作
第一節(jié)
參考范文：
Dear Chris,
I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. I chose to paint a landscape featuring a calm lake surrounded by vibrant flowers and solemn trees. The sunlight and the gentle breeze made the whole scene come to life. It was incredibly inspiring to be surrounded by nature. I felt a sense of peace and relaxation while painting outdoors, which was a completely different experience from our traditional classroom setting. Overall, the exciting experience gave me a lot of fun. I really enjoyed it and hope we can have more classes like this in the future.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二節(jié)
參考范文：
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news. He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do. Giving him another apologetic smile, I asked him for a delay in payment and promised to call him and pay him back the money I owed him. To my surprise, Gunter wrote down his phone number without hesitation and gave it to me. “Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me. I gave him a firm handshake, jumped out of the car and made a mad dash for the bus and jumped onto it just before it left.
Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised. We met at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before. As soon as I saw him, I gave him a big hug. I told him that thanks to his kindness and timely help, everything had gone smoothly. I paid him for the ride, along with a generous tip, which he declined. I felt blessed to have met such a warm-hearted man. After that, we became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly.
聽力材料
Text 1
M: Thanks for the wonderful weekend, Kate.
W: That’s okay. Bob and I are glad you came to see us.
M: Oh, I have to go in. My flight will take off soon. Do contact me when you’re in Sydney.
W: Sure, we will.
Text 2
W: Paul, listen to the radio. It’s You’ve Stolen My Heart — one of the songs played at our wedding.
M: Yeah, how beautiful! It has been popular for almost two decades.
Text 3
W: David, forget about Mark. His aunt is in town, so he can’t go with us today.
M: Aw ..., what a pity! It’s the last day of the art show.
Text 4
W: How may I help you?
M: I bought a desk and asked for it to be delivered to my house this Friday.
W: Yes, what’s the problem?
M: I need to have it delivered this Saturday.
Text 5
W: Next, please.
M: Oh, hi. I missed my 9 o’clock train to Bedford. Do I have to buy another ticket?
W: No. The next train leaves at a quarter to ten at Platform 11.
M: Thank you.
Text 6
W: Honey, have you checked today’s weather forecast?
M: Yes, it’s cold and wet. There is a warning for strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour.
W: What are we going to do then?
M: Nothing much. Just stay indoors. There is a risk of falling trees and power lines.
W: Right.
M: And the low temperatures could bring snow to the forest area.
W: I hope it’s over quickly.
M: Well, it won’t get better until late Wednesday. Anyway, I have to move the car away from the trees.
W: Yeah, you cannot be too careful.
Text 7
W: Hello, Dave. This is Kathy from Sunny California.
M: Hi, Kathy. You finally called. How was the move? All settled in?
W: Sorry, I hadn’t called sooner, but it’s been a busy month. We’re slowly getting things set up in our new home.
M: Yeah, I understand. How are Jeff and the children?
W: Jeff is doing well with his new job. Tom has made many new friends here and has a lot to do. Fiona is fine, though she misses her grandma. By the way, thank you for looking in on my mother from time to time. I call her every week, but it isn’t the same as seeing her.
M: No problem. Betty and I are friends now. How is the weather there?
W: It’s nice and warm. And we are able to spend some time every week on the beach with the children.
M: That’s great.
Text 8
W: Jack, how did you get to school when you were in primary school?
M: I lived close to my school, so I walked every day. Why?
W: Well, I remember that when we were kids, we often walked, rode a bike or caught the bus to school. Few of us were dropped off at the school gate by our parents.
M: I see what you mean. These days you can see traffic jams around schools at drop-off and pick-up times. But it’s hard to blame the parents. They have good reasons for driving their kids to school, mostly to do with safety and convenience.
W: You have a point there. But it could also mean children are missing out on much needed exercise and other life skills. Some parents are just being overprotective with their children learning nothing but living in fear of everything. Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend to be healthier, better adjusted, and better at dealing with stress.
Text 9
M: So, Marie, your kitchen garden looks excellent. What made you turn to social media to record your vegetable growing?
W: Initially, I used the online platform as a diary, something to look back on, giving me a sense of achievement and keeping me motivated and moving forward. As time went by, other gardeners and like-minded people began to follow my progress, too.
M: I know you grow lots of fruit on your land. Which would you recommend to beginners as the best to grow?
W: Strawberries would be a good choice. They produce a lot of fruit in their first season.
M: That’s cool. Well, do you have plans to try new or any particular crops next year?
W: Next season, I will be adding some pear trees to the fruit area. I will be adding more herbs which I can use in the kitchen. And, after a couple of years of failure, I will try growing carrots again.
M: What advice would you offer someone thinking of doing kitchen gardening?
W: Have a plan of what you want your kitchen garden to look like. Don’t be too discouraged if things don’t go according to plan. Learn from your mistakes and move on. There’s always next season.
Text 10
M: Welcome to Meet the Author. Well, many readers of Sports Times turn to the last page of their magazine first in order to read Jacob Johnson’s weekly article under the title “Life of Johnson”. The articles along with his novels and essay collections have earned Johnson the reputation as one of the funniest humans on the planet. Johnson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. After graduating in 1981, he moved on to work at The Denver Weekly for two years and The Los Angeles Post for two more years before landing at Sports Times. He has been voted National Sports Writer of the Year 11 times. So now, let’s welcome the funny man with serious talent, Jacob Johnson.
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