2024年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題及答案

　　在社會的各個領(lǐng)域，我們會經(jīng)常接觸并使用試題，借助試題可以更好地檢查參考者的學(xué)習(xí)能力和其它能力。相信很多朋友都需要一份能切實有效地幫助到自己的試題吧？下面是小編收集整理的2024年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題及答案，希望能夠幫助到大家。

　　碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題及答案 1

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Theres nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. 1 ___the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in 2___ disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3___ to commercial buildings.

　　Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4___ by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt. They 5___ as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown, their 6___ have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly 7___ in busy

　　locations or during times of emergency, the doors 8___ crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples way.

　　9___ making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total arca 10___ by them. Automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors, these 11___ smaller buildings to Maximise the usable space inside without having to 12___ the way for a large, sticking-out door. There are many different types of automatic door, with each 13___ specific signals to tell them when to open. 14___ these methods differ,the main 15___ remain the same.

　　Each automatic door system 16___ the light, sound, weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open. Sensor types are chosen to 17___ the different environments they are needed in. 18___ , a busy street might not 19___ a motion-sensored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers-by. A pressure-sensitive mat would be more 20___ to limit the surveyed area.

　　1. A.Through B. Despite C.Besides D.Without

　　2. A. revealing B.demanding C.improving D.tracing

　　3. A. experience B. convenience C.guidance D. reference

　　4. A. previously B. temporarily C. successively D.eventually

　　5. A. held on B. started out C. settled down D. went by

　　6. A. relations B.volumes C.benefts D. sources

　　7. A. useful B. simple C. flexible D.stable

　　8. A. call for B.yield to C.insist on D. act as

　　9. A. As well as B. In terms of C.Thanks to D. Rather than

　　10. A. connected B. shared C.represented D. occupied

　　11.A. allow B. expect C. require D. direct

　　12.A. adopt B. Lead C.clear D.change

　　13. A. adapting to B. deriving from C.relying on D. pointing at

　　14.A. Once B. Since C.Unless D. Although

　　15. A. records B. positions C. principles D.reasons

　　16. A. controls B.analyses C.produces D.mixes

　　17. A. decorate B. compare C. protect D. complement

　　18. A. In conclusion B. By contrast C.For example D. Above all

　　19. A. identify B.suit C. secure D. include

　　20. A. appropriate B. obvious C.impressive D. delicate

　　答案

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】根據(jù)文意，自動門不需要（without）被觸摸就可以打開或關(guān)閉。through 通過；despite 盡管；besides 除了…… 之外（還有），均不符合文意。

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】自動門對于改善（improving）殘疾人進(jìn)入建筑物的通道以及為商業(yè)建筑提供普遍的便利（convenience）是必不可少的。reveal 揭示；demand 要求；trace 追蹤，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】參考上題解析。experience 經(jīng)驗；guidance 指導(dǎo)；reference 參考，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】自動滑動門在 1960 年作為一種商業(yè)產(chǎn)品出現(xiàn)，此前（previously）六年由美國人 Dee Horton 和 Lew Hewitt 發(fā)明。temporarily 暫時地；successively 連續(xù)地；eventually 最終，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】它們最初（started out）是作為一個新奇的特征，但隨著它們的使用增加，它們的好處（benefits）也在我們這個技術(shù)先進(jìn)的世界中得到了擴(kuò)展。hold on 堅持；settle down 安定下來；go by 經(jīng)過，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】參考上題解析。relation 關(guān)系；volume 音量；source 來源，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】在繁忙的地點或緊急情況下特別有用（useful），這些門通過減少人們前進(jìn)道路上的障礙來協(xié)助人群管理。simple 簡單的；flexible 靈活的.；stable 穩(wěn)定的，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】參考上題解析。call for 要求；yield to 屈服于；insist on 堅持，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】這些門不僅（As well as）使人們進(jìn)出建筑物更容易，而且許多門打開的方式不同，有助于減少它們所占用（occupied）的總面積。in terms of 就…… 而言；thanks to 多虧；rather than 而不是，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】參考上題解析。connect 連接；share 分享；represent 代表，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】這些門允許（allow）更小的建筑物在內(nèi)部最大化可用空間，而不必為一個大而突出的門留出空間。expect 期望；require 需要；direct 指導(dǎo)，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】參考上題解析。adopt 采��；lead 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；change 改變，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】有許多不同類型的自動門，每一種都依賴（relying on）特定的信號來告訴它們何時打開。adapt to 適應(yīng)；derive from 源自；point at 指著，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】盡管（Although）這些方法不同，但主要原則（principles）是相同的。once 一旦；since 自從；unless 除非，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】參考上題解析。record 記錄；position 位置；reason 理由，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】每個自動門系統(tǒng)都會分析（analyses）附近的光線、聲音、重量或運動作為開門的信號。control 控制；produce 生產(chǎn)；mix 混合，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】傳感器類型的選擇是為了補充（complement）它們所需的不同環(huán)境。decorate 裝飾；compare 比較；protect 保護(hù)，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】例如（For example），一條繁忙的街道可能不適合使用運動傳感器門，因為它會不斷地為行人開門。in conclusion 總之；by contrast 相比之下；above all 首先，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】參考上題解析。identify 識別；secure 保護(hù)；include 包括，均不符合文意。

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】壓敏墊會更合適（appropriate），因為它可以限制檢測區(qū)域。obvious 明顯的；impressive 令人印象深刻的；delicate 精致的，均不符合文意。

　　碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題及答案 2

　　How automatic door mechanisms work

　　There’s nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. Without the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in improving disabled access to buildings and helping provide general convenience to commercial buildings.

　　Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years previously by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt. They started out as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown their benefits have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly useful in busy locations or during times of emergency, the doors act as crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples’ way.

　　As well as making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area occupied by them. Automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors, these allow smaller buildings to maximize the usable space inside without the need to clear the way for a large, protruding door. There are many different types of automatic door, with each relying on specific signals to tell them when to open. Although these methods differ, the main principles remain the same.

　　Each automatic door system analyses the light, sound, weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open. Sensor types are chosen to complement the different environments they are needed in. For example, a busy street might not suit a motion-censored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers-by. A pressure-sensitive mat would be more appropriate to limit the surveyed area.

　　Text 1

　　Nearly 2,000 years ago, as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland, they left behind a curious treasure: 10 tons of nails, nearly a million of the things. The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.

　　Why had the Romans buried a million nails? The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didnt want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron. The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.

　　Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmiths labour in a nail even more than the raw material. As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts, early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails, which could be reused after sifting the ashes. The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce,costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.

　　The price of nails fell by 90% between the late 1700s and mid-1900s, as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper. According to Sichel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more effcient ways to turn steel into nails.

　　Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sichel studied them because they havent changed much. Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars, but Roman nails are still clearly nails. It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695, but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.

　　"I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of everyday objects: their price. I am an economist, after all. After writing two books about the history of inventions, one thing Ive leamt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticaled technologics that get all the hype, its the cheap technologies that change the world.

　　The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost - and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper. Solar pancls had a few niche uses until they became cheap; now they are transforming the global cnergy system.

　　21. The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of__

　　A. saving them for future use.

　　B. keeping them from rusting.

　　C. letting them grow in value.

　　D. hiding them from the locals.

　　22. The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to

　　A. highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.

　　B. illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period.

　　C.contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails.

　　Dshow the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.

　　23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?

　　A. Increased productivity.

　　B. Wider use of new energies.

　　CFiercer market competition.

　　D.Reduced cost of raw materials.

　　24. It can be leamed from Paragraph 5 that nails

　　A. have undergone many technological improvements.

　　B. have remained basically the same since Roman times.

　　C. are less studied than other everyday products.

　　D. are one of the worlds most significant inventions.

　　25.Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?

　　A. Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.

　　B. Technological innovation is integral to economic success.

　　C.Technology defines peoples understanding of the world.

　　D. Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.

　　21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of ________.

　　D. hiding them from the locals.

　　21.問題：古羅馬人埋藏釘子可能是為了______。

　　A. 為了將來使用而保存它們。

　　B. 防止它們生銹。

　　C. 讓它們增值。

　　D. 不讓當(dāng)?shù)厝税l(fā)現(xiàn)。

　　答案：D

　　解析：根據(jù)文章第二段“The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didnt want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron.”（可能的解釋是撤退很匆忙，他們不想讓當(dāng)?shù)氐目ɡ�多尼亞人得�?0噸軍用級鐵。）可以推斷，古羅馬人埋藏釘子的主要原因是為了防止當(dāng)?shù)厝双@取這些可用于制造武器的鐵質(zhì)釘子。因此，選項D“不讓當(dāng)?shù)厝税l(fā)現(xiàn)”是正確的。

　　22.問題：17世紀(jì)初弗吉尼亞人的例子被用來______。

　　A. 強(qiáng)調(diào)早期美國殖民者的節(jié)儉。

　　B. 說明那個時期鐵匠的高地位。

　　C. 對比不同文明對釘子的態(tài)度。

　　D. 展示當(dāng)時制釘技術(shù)的珍貴。

　　答案：D

　　解析：根據(jù)文章第三段“Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmiths labour in a nail even more than the raw material. As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts, early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails, which could be reused after sifting the ashes.”（后來的文明更加重視制釘中鐵匠的技藝，甚至超過了對原材料的重視。Roma Agrawal在她的新書《螺母和螺栓》中解釋說，17世紀(jì)初的弗吉尼亞人如果打算搬家，有時會燒掉他們的房子。這是為了回收珍貴的釘子，這些釘子可以在篩過灰燼后重復(fù)使用。）可以推斷，這個例子被用來展示當(dāng)時制釘技術(shù)的珍貴，因為人們甚至?xí)�為了回收釘子而燒掉整個房子。因此，選項D“展示當(dāng)時制釘技術(shù)的珍貴”是正確的。

　　23.問題：18世紀(jì)末以后，什么在降低釘子價格方面起了主要作用？

　　A. 提高了生產(chǎn)力。

　　B. 更廣泛地使用新能源。

　　C. 更激烈的市場競爭。

　　D. 降低了原材料成本。

　　答案：A

　　解析：根據(jù)文章第四段“According to Sichel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.”（據(jù)Sichel說，盡管釘子價格下降的部分原因是鐵和能源更便宜，但大部分功勞要歸功于那些只是找到了更高效地將鋼制成釘子的方法的釘子制造商。）可以推斷，18世紀(jì)末以后，提高的生產(chǎn)力（即制造商找到了更高效的生產(chǎn)方法）在降低釘子價格方面起了主要作用。因此，選項A“提高了生產(chǎn)力”是正確的'。

　　24.問題：從第五段可以得知，釘子______。

　　A. 經(jīng)歷了許多技術(shù)改進(jìn)。

　　B. 自羅馬時代以來基本保持不變。

　　C. 比其他日常用品研究得更少。

　　D. 是世界上最重大的發(fā)明之一。

　　答案：B

　　解析：根據(jù)文章第五段“Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sichel studied them because they havent changed much. Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars, but Roman nails are still clearly nails.”（釘子本身這些年來已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化，但Sichel研究它們是因為它們并沒有發(fā)生太大的變化。羅馬燈和羅馬戰(zhàn)車與LED燈帶和跑車截然不同，但羅馬釘子仍然是明顯的釘子。）可以推斷，自羅馬時代以來，釘子在基本形態(tài)上并沒有發(fā)生太大的變化。因此，選項B“自羅馬時代以來基本保持不變”是正確的。

　　25.問題：以下哪一項最能概括最后兩段？

　　A. 廉價技術(shù)帶來革命性變革。

　　B. 技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是經(jīng)濟(jì)成功的關(guān)鍵。

　　C. 技術(shù)定義了人們對世界的理解。

　　D. 復(fù)雜技術(shù)從小發(fā)明中發(fā)展而來。

　　答案：A

　　解析：最后兩段主要講述了廉價技術(shù)（如紙張和太陽能電池板）如何帶來革命性變革，并指出是這些廉價技術(shù)改變了世界。因此，選項A“廉價技術(shù)帶來革命性變革”最能概括這兩段的內(nèi)容。選項B雖然提到了技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，但并未強(qiáng)調(diào)廉價技術(shù)的重要性；選項C和D與這兩段的內(nèi)容不相關(guān)。因此，選項A是正確的。

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