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2006春季考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作（康建剛2005.4）(1)
2006考研
英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作全攻略
（主講人：康建剛）
短文寫(xiě)作
第一部分：總論
一． 要求
1． 很好地完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)：包含所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；使用豐富的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；語(yǔ)言自然流暢，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤極少；有效地采用了多種銜接手段，文字連貫，層次清晰。字?jǐn)?shù)：160—200詞。
2． 段落數(shù)：一般為三段。
3． 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：總體評(píng)分法，分檔記分。
20—17分：內(nèi)容切題，包括題中所列各項(xiàng)要求；清楚表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，文字連貫；句式有變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確。文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。
16—13分：內(nèi)容切題，包括題中所列各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容；比較清楚表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，文字基本連貫；句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯(cuò)誤較少。文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。
12—9分：內(nèi)容切題，基本包括題中所列各項(xiàng)要求；基本清楚表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵；句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有一些錯(cuò)誤。文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。
8—5分： 內(nèi)容基本切題，基本包括題中所列各項(xiàng)要求；語(yǔ)句可以理解，但有較多的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯(cuò)誤。文章長(zhǎng)度基本符合要求。
4—1分： 基本按要求寫(xiě)作，但只有少數(shù)句子可以理解。
0分： 文不對(duì)題，語(yǔ)句混亂，無(wú)法理解。
4． 評(píng)分要實(shí)事求是，嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真，不可不加區(qū)別地只給中間一兩種分?jǐn)?shù)。避免集中趨勢(shì)。
5． 例：2003年作文判例
Study the set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and
2) point out its implications in our life.
Example 1
It goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious problem in China: how to educate and cultivate the young. Let’s take a closer look at the drawings. In an ideal condition, the flower blooms. But when moved out of the green house, it perishes under the rain and storm. It is obvious that the flower in greenhouse can’t withstand wind and rains.
Nowadays the young generation in China, like the flower in the greenhouse, live under the full protection from their parents. Parents want to show all their love to their children. They give their children all the best things they can afford and do not let their children do anything at home. Self-centeredness and arbitrariness have become a trait of the young generation. Once leaving their parents, many young people cannot make a living of their own. They get lost when stepping into the complex reality and cannot face any hardships and difficulties.
Children education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by education experts, but also by people in all walks of life. The failure of children education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to children themselves. Thus, it’s high time that parents, educators and the government made concerted efforts to put an end to this situation. (225 words; 67/ 92/ 66)
Example 2
As depicted in the pictures, the flower in green house cannot stand for the severe storms and maybe dead in the near future. What does the author really want to tell us? In my opinion, the real implication of the author is that everyone has to meet difficulties in their life experiences, so we have to make adequate preparations for them.
There is no denying that a majority of young people, especially who are endowed by their rich parents, take their happiness for granted. I’m fully convinced that they may inevitably suffer from failure in their future. For the simple reason is that they like the flowers in green house. Therefore, it is necessary for those parents to take some measures to control this trend which may lead to their children’s failure. The best way to solve this problem I think is to give young people opportunities to do things independently. Only in this way can young people confront with difficulties and deal with them easily.
As far as I am concerned, I am greatly in favor of the idea that encouraging young generation practice in hard environments. Because young people can benefit a lot from their own experiences in hard times and earn enough confidence to face their future challenges. (211 words; 61/ 105/ 45)
Example 3
As we can see from the first picture, there is a flower in a greenhouse which is blooming and growing well while it is raining and thundering outside. But in the second picture, the greenhouse is removed. This time, the flower cannot stand in the heavy rain. Compared the two pictures we can conclude that the flowers in a greenhouse are too weak to bear the worse outsetting.
These pictures describe a common social phenomena in China today that children are taken care of and protected by their parents and grand- parents so well that they cannot even do anything themselves. When children are young, some reasonable protection and care are acceptable because they still have not the ability to live and do things on themselves. But when children grow up, it is better to let them handle thing on their own. On the other hand, as children grow up, their parents become old too, and it will be children’s turn to take care of their parents. We cannot imagine a society full of adults having the ability like seven-year-old children. It is harmful to the social development.
Chinese parents should give their children more opportunities to deal with things themselves, push them to uncomfortable environments to some extent, make them dure some trouble, and so on, all of these will benefit their growing. Only through these, they can take on greater responsibilities and have more abilities to fulfill themselves and serve the country and society when they grow up. (251 words; 68/ 120/ 62)
二． 題目類(lèi)型
1． 文字，圖，表提示（圖畫(huà)，漫畫(huà)，照片，統(tǒng)計(jì)表，比率表，圖示與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)相結(jié)合的圖表）(1997—2005)
2． 純文字提示 (1991—1996)
1） 提綱式
2） 規(guī)定情景式
3． 早期作文題目一覽
1996年：Good Health
Outline:
1) Importance of good health;
2) Ways to keep fit;
3) My own practices.
1995年：The “Project Hope”
Outline:
1) Present situation;
2) Necessity of the project;
3) My suggestion.
1994年：On Making Friends
Outline:
1) The need for friends;
2) True friendship;
3) My principle in making friends.
1993年：Advertisement on TV
Outline:
1) Present state;
2) Reasons;
3) My comments.
1992年：For a Better Understanding Between Parent and Child
Outline:
1) Present situation:
Lack of communication between parent and child
2) Possible reasons:
Different likes and dislikes
Misunderstanding
Others
3) Suggestion:
For parents
For children
1991年：Where to Live—In the City or the Country
Outline:
1) Conveniences of the city;
2) Attractions of the country;
3) Disadvantages of both;
4) My preference.
第二部分：寫(xiě)作準(zhǔn)備
一．選詞
1． 多用近義詞：
1) I think/believe/argue/maintain/insist/deem/hold that…, As I see it,… In my opinion,…From my standpoint,…
2) solve/cope with/deal with/put an end to/tackle…the problem
3) is important/is of the utmost importance
4) take pride in/be proud of
5) This product enjoys a good market in that market. (This product sells well in that market.)
2．區(qū)分具體與抽象的詞
抽象 具體
good kind, honest, generous, warm-hearted, selfless, friendly
laugh smile, chuckle, snigger
scientist physicist, biologist, chemist
fish shark, salmon, perch, eel
tree shrub, bush, pollard, oak, plane, pine, willow
3．善于使用代詞
A scientist draws conclusions by studying the facts he collects.
Such symbols as are used to represent chemical elements should be firmly kept in mind.
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