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2006年考研英語閱讀新增題型通關(guān)秘籍
2006年考研英語閱讀新增題型通關(guān)秘籍
第一部分 閱讀理解B節(jié)備選題型1
第一節(jié) 考綱要求分析與考試重點(diǎn)概述
根據(jù)《2006年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語考試大綱（非英語專業(yè)）說明》，閱讀理解B節(jié)部分，主要考查考生對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。
本題型的內(nèi)容是一篇總長(zhǎng)度為500~600詞的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從這6~7段文字中選擇出5個(gè)答案，分別放進(jìn)文章中5個(gè)空白處。
此題型所考文章不僅從長(zhǎng)度上長(zhǎng)于閱讀理解A節(jié)中的文章（每篇約400~450詞），閱讀量大，而且在文字難度和做題要求上也都高于A節(jié)。A節(jié)中的文章是完整的，在通讀文章或查讀細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)，思路不會(huì)被打斷。而此題型文章中有5處空白，在閱讀過程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主題、作者的寫作意圖，就很難順暢地讀下去、讀明白，自然就很難選出正確答案。而一個(gè)空填錯(cuò)勢(shì)必又影響到對(duì)另外一個(gè)空的選擇。另外，此題有5個(gè)空白處，卻提供6~7個(gè)選項(xiàng)（根據(jù)大綱），因此有1~2個(gè)選項(xiàng)是多余的干擾選項(xiàng)，從而又加大了選出正確答案的難度。
該題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)分析理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力�？梢哉f，此題型是對(duì)語言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測(cè)試，因此在要求上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于這兩種題型，考生有必要對(duì)這類題型的答題思路多練習(xí)，以提高自己在這個(gè)部分的應(yīng)試能力。
第二節(jié) 考綱樣題分析與詳解
我們先以2006年大綱所附樣題為例，概括地分析一下此類題型的命題特點(diǎn)及解題思路。然后我們?cè)賹?duì)解題思路進(jìn)行全面的歸納和總結(jié)。
大綱樣題
Part B
Sample One
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41~ 45, choose the most suitable one from the list ［A］~［G］ to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now.
(41) .Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.
(42) . Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.
(43) . There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.
(44) . Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.
(45) .About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.
［A］The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.
�。跙］ Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them, we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.
�。跜］The first animals with true backbones were fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.
�。跠］The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.
�。跡］The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.
�。跢］When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.
�。跥］Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.
解題思路：
本文文章部分共332字，備選答案部分字?jǐn)?shù)為317字，總數(shù)達(dá)649字。閱讀如此長(zhǎng)的文章并做對(duì)題，要求考生具有較強(qiáng)的閱讀理解能力，掌握正確的閱讀方法。
首先，通篇略讀原文，把握要點(diǎn)詞句（文中黑斜體部分為要點(diǎn)詞句，以下同），以便對(duì)文章主旨、各段基本主題以及邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)獲得一個(gè)概括性了解。
第一段指出：在人類出現(xiàn)很早以前，地球上就出現(xiàn)了魚類、爬行動(dòng)物、鳥類和一些哺乳動(dòng)物（這是對(duì)全文的一個(gè)概述，點(diǎn)出本文的話題）。雖然這些動(dòng)物有一些是現(xiàn)今生活著的各種動(dòng)物的祖先，但是另一些動(dòng)物現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)滅絕了，即它們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒有活著的后代了。第二句是個(gè)表示讓步關(guān)系的句子，重點(diǎn)是主句部分：others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now，而that is表明they have no descendants alive now是同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，因此本段要點(diǎn)詞語為others are now extinct。這為回答第41題從意思和邏輯上都提供了主要依據(jù)。
第二段首句指出：偶爾根據(jù)石頭里所顯示出來的印記，我們可以合理地推斷出幾百萬年前滅絕了的某種動(dòng)物的準(zhǔn)確形狀，盡管不能確定其顏色。此句前后是因果關(guān)系，提到了rocks，結(jié)果是so that…we can build up…picture。后面又接著講rocks in which the remains are found。由此可知，這些是本段的要點(diǎn)詞語。
第三段中已知信息是：我們所知道的所有化石幾乎都是由于水的作用而被保存在了石頭中，而且大多都是生活在水里或水邊的動(dòng)物。因此，肯定存在過許多我們一無所知的哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥類和昆蟲類�？瞻缀蟮谝痪涫莻�(gè)并列句，主語分別是Nearly all of the fossils和 most of these (the fossils)，而且都與water action有關(guān)。這為回答第42題提供了主要線索。
第四段中提供的信息是：還有像螃蟹一樣的動(dòng)物，其身體表面是一層角狀物。接下來此段詳細(xì)介紹了這類動(dòng)物的外貌特征。此處要點(diǎn)詞語是also和crab-like creatures，說明上一句也在描述某種海生物。這為回答第43題提供了主要線索。
第五段空白后第一句中有指代詞of these，these必定指代前文提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。緊接著提到的ammonites是“這些貝殼類動(dòng)物”的一種。后面有對(duì)它的描述：ammonites非常有趣而又很重要。它們身體上有個(gè)由許多腔室構(gòu)成的硬殼（shell），每個(gè)腔室都代表著這個(gè)動(dòng)物的臨時(shí)住所。這樣，上一句提到的自然應(yīng)該與貝殼類動(dòng)物有關(guān)，為回答第44題提供了線索。
第45題為一段。下一段提到，大約7 500萬年前，爬行動(dòng)物時(shí)代結(jié)束了，其中大部分物種都滅絕了。而哺乳動(dòng)物迅速發(fā)展起來，我們可以追尋出許多蹤跡，借此了解許多大家熟悉的動(dòng)物如大象和馬的進(jìn)化過程。后來的許多哺乳動(dòng)物，雖然現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)滅絕了，還是被原始人類所了解，并被畫在了壁畫中或被雕刻在
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