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名師指導(dǎo)：英語四級快速閱讀得分.
名師指導(dǎo)：英語四級快速閱讀得分技巧 略讀(skimming)指的是快速瀏覽全文的閱讀方法。略讀的對象是文章的開始段、結(jié)束段、每段的段首句和結(jié)尾句。文章內(nèi)容的概括性陳述一般都在這些位置。
略讀的目的是：(1)了解文章的主題；(2)對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)獲得一個整體概念；(3)對各部分的內(nèi)容獲得一個粗略的印象；(4)對文章主旨做出判斷。
對快速閱讀而言，略讀最重要的意義在于對各部分的內(nèi)容獲得一個粗略印象，以方便在尋讀的迅速確定答案所在的部分或段落。
①有小標(biāo)題的文章的解題技巧
對于有小標(biāo)題的文章，把握開頭或結(jié)尾部分就把握住了文章的主題與寫作目的。小標(biāo)題相當(dāng)于段落的主題句，把握住小標(biāo)題就把握住了文章的主要內(nèi)容。這些小標(biāo)題在尋讀時也顯得格外重要，從題干中的定位信息可以快速找到相關(guān)的小標(biāo)題(模糊定位)，再在小標(biāo)題下的內(nèi)容中查找就可以了(精確定位)。這對于提高作題速度非常有幫助。
【真題示例1】
….5.Protect your references。
If your resume contains asection with the names and contact information of your references,take it out.There's no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references。
Q：To protect your references,you should not post online their _
【解析】name and contact information/private contact information。根據(jù)題干中的protect your references可以快速定位到小標(biāo)題5下的內(nèi)容。本段講述的主要是是如何來保護(hù)自己的證明人。段中說的主要內(nèi)容就是要把聯(lián)系人的姓名和聯(lián)系方式從網(wǎng)上拿下來。
【真題示例2】
原文的幾個小標(biāo)題為：How Much Trash Is Generated；How Is Trash Disposed of；What Is aLandfill；Proposing the landfill；Building the Landfill；What Happens to Trash in aLandfill；How Is aLandfill Operated Q：The passage gives ageneral deion of the structure and use of alandfill。
【解析】選Y�？次恼碌臉�(biāo)題可知道全文主要描述的是垃圾填埋場的建設(shè)與使用。所以題干正確。
②
無小標(biāo)題的文章解題技巧對于沒有小標(biāo)題的文章，需要把握文章開頭或結(jié)尾部分來把握文章的主題與寫作目的。更重要的是瀏覽每段的段首和段尾，對每一段的主題和內(nèi)容獲得一個粗略的印象。建議考生在瀏覽時將本段的主題詞用筆圈出。這些主題詞將起到小標(biāo)題的作用。
【真題示例】
….Today,the interstate system links every major city in the U.S.and the U.S.with Canada and Mexico.Built with safety in mind,the highways have wide lanes and shoulders,dividing medians or barriers,long entry and exit lanes,curves engineered for safe turns,and limited access.The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S.roads(0.86deaths per 100million passenger miles compared to 1.99deaths per 100million on all other roads)…
Q：In spite of safety considerations,the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of ther American roads。
【解析】選N。本段講的是告訴公路的安全問題，death rate是其中的一個關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位到這一段，再根據(jù)句中存在的比較關(guān)系再具體定位到段落的末尾處。原文說："高速公路上的車禍死亡碧綠是其他路面上的一半"。所以題干說："高速公路上的事故死亡率比其他路面上的高"是錯誤的。
即講即練
In the UK it is estimated that work-related stress is responsible for six million days of sick leave ayear,with stress being linked to many minor and major illnesses。
For most people,work is asignificant and meaningful part of life with the majority of us spending aroun 25%of our adult lives owrking.While work can provide us with purpose,satistaction,sell-esteem and spending power,the workplace can also be asetting of stress and worry。
What is work-ralated stress?
Everyone is under some pressure in the workplace.Some external pressures can be apostive factor,helping us to be more productive.Some people actually thrive under short-term added pressure,and our bodies are designed to meet these short-term demands.Hormones are released to prepare us for a"fight of flight"response to demanding situations.However,excessive and prolonged stress can produce arange of physical and emotional health problems which have come to be grouped as"work-related stress"。
There is no single cause of work-ralated stress.While stress can be triggered by sudden,unexpected pressures,it is often the result of acombination of stressful factors which accumulate over time.Some people can become so used to the symptoms of excessive stress that it goes unnoticed to their detriment(危害).Most work-related stress is related to management of work,relationships at work,organizational set-up and whether you feel you have power and control in your work。
The experience of stress is different for every person.Some people are affected mor than others,so what is stressful for ome person may not be stressful for another.It can depend on your personality type and on how you have learned to respond to pressure。
It is impossible to escape pressure at work altogether,so it is important to learn how to manage stress.There are anumber of ways in which you can reduce the negative impact of stress。
Changes at work If work-related stress is affecting you,it is important to deal with the problem as soon as possible.One of the most important factors in reducing stress levels is managing time effectively.Prioritize tasks.Completing one task before going on to the next will help you to feel more in control of work。
Make time to relax at work by stretching and breathing deeply.This will help you to keep focused and prevent tired muscles.Simply ensuring you get outside for awalk during your lunch break can be helpful。
It is helpful to identify which situations stress you most.Practice how you could behave differently in tricky situations.Perhaps you need to be more assertive,or you need to learn to"take astep back"in tricky situations.It can seem hard to confront the causes of workplace stress and to ask for help.But sometimes,support and advice from your line manager or human resources department is necessary to help you deal with difficulties at work。
If you find talking about your concerns difficult,it may help to make notes to bring along to the work interview with you.Make these clear and specific.Try to remember that it is in everybody's interest that the workplace is as stress-free as possible。
尋讀(scanning)
是指以問題為線索、帶著問題去尋找某一特定信息的閱讀。
對于四六級考試的快速閱讀來說，尋讀就是在讀過文章后面的題后，以題干中的某些詞為線索，到原文中去尋找出處的過程。由于快速閱讀對于內(nèi)容的理解能力要求并不高，所以尋讀技能的高低直接影響著考生作題時間的長短。
所以，以什么詞為定位詞(或線索詞)到原文中去查找是很關(guān)鍵的。
①題目順序基本與行文順序一致
解題技巧：一般情況下，快速閱讀的題目順序與原文的行文順序是保持一致的，也就是說，下一道題的出處一般位于前一道題出處后面。即使是存在反常情況的07年6月四級考試中(第6題的出處在原文最后一段，第10題的出處在原文第一段)，其總體的試題順序仍然是與文章的行文順序一致的。把握題目順序與行文順序一致的基本規(guī)律，將節(jié)省我們的尋讀時間。
②數(shù)字、年代
解題技巧1：數(shù)字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯叔祖的形式出現(xiàn)，在周圍都是英文字母的背景中就顯得比較突出。因此，如果考題中含有數(shù)字，往往可以用來快速定位題目的出處。
解題技巧2：數(shù)字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的形式出現(xiàn)，但題干中可能對數(shù)字的形式有一定改動，如在數(shù)字的精確性和模糊性上變化。這時需要主義從邏輯關(guān)系上正確理解數(shù)字之間的包含與被包含關(guān)系。
③第一次出現(xiàn)的人名、地名等專有名詞
解題技巧專有名詞以大寫字母開頭，在文章中顯得比較突出，容易尋找。但是如果通篇都是講與這個專有名詞有關(guān)的事情時，這個專有名詞有可能在全文中多次出現(xiàn)，而題目中也多次出現(xiàn)，這時就不建議用它來定位題目出處，而應(yīng)該使用其他的定位詞。
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