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2006高考英語詞匯歸類復(fù)習(xí)綱要
一、從用法上復(fù)習(xí)歸納詞匯,過語法關(guān)
英語詞匯大多具有本身詞義外,還有其語法功能,我們在復(fù)習(xí)時就不要把著眼點(diǎn)單純放在單詞記憶上,而要從它們的語法功能上去把握它們。如在復(fù)習(xí)動詞時我們就要根據(jù)它們變化形式多、搭配活躍等特點(diǎn),從它們的用法上進(jìn)行分類記憶。這樣,既可記住詞匯,又可攻克語法難關(guān)。
1.賓語不同,意義也不同
英語中有些動詞可同時后接不定式和動名詞作賓語,但意義不同。它們是高考試題的考查重點(diǎn)。這類詞主 要有:
go on doing(繼續(xù)干同一件事) go on to do(接著去干另一件事)
stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下來去干某事)
regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相當(dāng)于be sorry to do)
forget/remember doing(忘記/記得已做過的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘記/記得要干的事)
mean doing(意味著干…) mean to do(想干…)try doing(嘗試做) try to do(設(shè)法做)
(95高考)"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.""Well,now I regret_____ ___that."
A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done
(92高考)"I usually go there by train.""Why not____________by boat for a change?"
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
(87高考)They would not allow him_________across the line.
A.to risk going B.risking going C.for risk to go D.risk going
2.都可接賓語和賓補(bǔ),形式卻不同
某些動詞如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接動詞作賓語時要用動名詞,但接賓補(bǔ)時 ,賓補(bǔ)要用不定式。如: We forbid smoking here.(賓語)We forbid you to smoke here.(賓補(bǔ))You are forbidden to smoke here.(主補(bǔ))
3.賓語不同、語態(tài)不同,意義卻相同
有些詞如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被動形式),可接動名詞(要用主動形式表被 動意義),可與worth,worthy一并記憶。兩種形式意義相同。如:The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.
(85高考)This sentence needs______________.
A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved
4.只接不定式作賓語的詞和詞組
只接不定式作賓語的詞和詞組有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如:(89高考)She pretended_______me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen
5.只接動名詞作賓語的詞和詞組
只接動名詞作賓語的詞和詞組:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can't help,
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