英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)(大全15篇)
在平凡的學(xué)習(xí)生活中，說起知識(shí)點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該沒有人不熟悉吧？知識(shí)點(diǎn)就是“讓別人看完能理解”或者“通過練習(xí)我能掌握”的內(nèi)容。還在為沒有系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)而發(fā)愁嗎？下面是小編整理的英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望對大家有所幫助。
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)1
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：
There is someone waiting for him.
有人在等他。
There was a man standing in front of me.
我前面站著一個(gè)男人。
There were some children swimming in the river.
有些小孩在河里游泳。
There were a group of young people working in the fields.
有一群青年在地里勞動(dòng)。
有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞可表示一種狀態(tài)：
There’s a piano standing against the wall.
靠墻有一架鋼琴。
There’re a lot of difficulties facing us.
我們面前有很多困難。
There is a door leading to the garden.
有一座門通往花園。
有個(gè)別現(xiàn)在分詞用于該結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以表示將來(正如它們可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來一樣)：
There are ten people coming to dinner.
有10個(gè)人來吃晚飯。
英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：判斷此題是定語從句還是強(qiáng)調(diào)句
有這樣一道題：
It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where
答案選A，填對此句的關(guān)鍵是要弄清第二空必須填 that，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為 in the small house (以及修飾它的定語從句 which was built with stones by his father)。又如：
(1) It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which
【分析】此題答案選C，全句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是 the boy (以及修飾它的定語從句who had been in prison)。
(2) It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he died.
A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that
【分析】此題答案選C，全句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是 in this room，where he was born 為修飾 the room 的定語從句。
英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)句與從句的比較
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語從句的比較
強(qiáng)調(diào)句將句子中的it is / was …that同時(shí)省去，句子仍然成立;而主語從句將that與后面部分代替it，成立。如：
(1) It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所見到的就是李蕾的兄弟。
本句若將It is 及 that同時(shí)省去為：You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同樣成立，因此前面的句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
(2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我們成功地發(fā)射了神舟五號(hào)這件事情真令人興奮。
本句若將It is 及 that同時(shí)省去為：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 顯然句子錯(cuò)誤，因此，前面句子不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，而是主語從句。
2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語從句的比較
◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的`It沒有實(shí)際意義，It be與that可同時(shí)被省略;而定語從句中的It是主語，It be與that不可同時(shí)省略;
◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中be的時(shí)態(tài)須跟后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)相一致;而定語從句中主句謂語動(dòng)詞be的時(shí)態(tài)須由主句的時(shí)間確定
◎強(qiáng)調(diào)句將句子中的that不能省略，并且即使前面的名詞是事物時(shí)，也不能將that換成which;而定語從句中的that作賓語時(shí)可被省略，并且當(dāng)先行詞是事物時(shí)可用which代替。
◎當(dāng)it be后面的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)名詞作主語、賓語或表語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可用that / which;而作其他成分時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞須用when / which。如：
(1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天買的書。(本句是對What is that?問句的回答，that所引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，that可被省略)
It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所賣的就是這本書。(本句相當(dāng)于對I bought the English book yesterday中an English book進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))
(2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我們過去常在開會(huì)的房子。(where 所引導(dǎo)的從句對前面的room進(jìn)行說明，它是定語從句)
It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 過去我們開會(huì)就在這間房子里。(in the room是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分，本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
(3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 這是人們慶祝他們的勝利的日子。 (when所引導(dǎo)的從句對a day進(jìn)行說明，是定語從句)
It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天，人們慶祝了他們的勝利。(強(qiáng)調(diào)on October 1, 1949)
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與狀語從句的比較
◎狀語從句句首的It本身就是句子的主語;而強(qiáng)調(diào)句首的It不作任何成分也沒有實(shí)際意義。
◎狀語從句的連接副詞that及句子前面的It be不能去掉。
◎狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可以是when / where，而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that不能用其他詞代替。如：
(1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的書，我們大家都非常喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語主從復(fù)合句)
It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我們大家都非常喜歡的就是一本如此有趣的書。(強(qiáng)調(diào)such an interesting book)
(比較：It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 這就是我們大家都非常喜歡的如此有趣的書。定語從句)
(2) It was already morning when he woke up. 當(dāng)他醒來時(shí)，已經(jīng)是早晨了。(時(shí)間主從復(fù)合句)
It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒來了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)the next morning)
英語語法倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：“only+狀語”置于句首句子要倒裝
請看下面一道涉及only的倒裝試題：
Only in this way __________ able to finish the work in time.
A. can you be B. are you C. you can be D. you are
此題應(yīng)選 B。容易誤選D。至于A，C，這比較容易排除，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 不能與 be able to用在同一謂語中。本題之所以要選B而不選D，主要是因?yàn)榫涫子昧薿nly in thisway 的緣故，按照英語語法規(guī)則：“only+狀語”位于句首，句子通常要用倒裝語序(部分倒裝——用一般疑問句形式)。如：
1. “only 副詞”位于句首。如：
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只是到了那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到是我錯(cuò)了。
2. “only+介詞短語”位于句首。如：
Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。
Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在閱覽室才能找到他。
3. “only+狀語從句”位于句首。如：
Only when one loses freedom does one know itsvalue. 一個(gè)人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可貴。
注意：若位于句首的不是only+狀語，而是 only+賓語等，則通常無需倒裝(但有時(shí)也可以倒裝)。如：
Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子們在街上只看到一個(gè)警察。
Only one more point will I make. 我只再說明一點(diǎn)。
英語語法感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：感嘆句的基本句型
【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
What a clever boy he is! (他是個(gè))多么聰明的男孩啊!
What an interesting story it is! (這是個(gè))多么有趣的故事啊!
What fine weather it is! 多好的天氣啊!
What beautiful flowers they are! (它們是)多么漂亮的花啊!
【說明】 在感嘆句中，What a / an 常用來修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，若其前面的形容詞為元音開頭，則用 an。what 是用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。但有些不可數(shù)名詞，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，當(dāng)前面有形容詞修飾，使抽象名詞具體化時(shí)，則要用 what a / an，如：
What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一場雨啊!
What a great surprise it is! 這多么令人驚奇啊!
What a rich breakfast it is! 多么豐盛的一頓早餐啊!
【句型二】How + 形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語!
How well you look! 你氣色真好!
How kind you are! 你心腸真好!
How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好聽!
Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!
How clever the boy is! 這個(gè)男孩多么聰明啊!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊!
【說明】how還可以修飾動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成感嘆句，但動(dòng)詞不提前。如：
How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成為一名醫(yī)生啊!
How she dances! 她跳得多好啊!
英語語法感嘆句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：陳述句改為感嘆句
感嘆句通常有what, how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜 悅、等感情。what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動(dòng)詞，感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種：
How +形容詞+ a +名詞+其他成分!
How+形容詞或副詞+其他成分!
What +名詞+其他成分!
What +a+形容詞+名詞+其他成分!
What + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+其他成分!
What + 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+其他成分!
請看以下例子：
It’s an interesting film. 這是一部有趣的電影。
→ What an interesting film it is! 這是一部多有趣的電影啊!
It’s wonderful weather. 天氣很好。
→ What wonderful weather! 天氣真好!
He did the work carefully. 他做這工作很仔細(xì)。
→ How carefully he did the work! 他做這工作多仔細(xì)啊!
Time passed quickly. 時(shí)間過得很快。
→ How quickly time passed! 時(shí)間過得真快!
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)2
不定冠詞
不定冠詞a，an與one同源，表示微弱的一的概念，但并不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目，用來表示不確定的人或事物。
A用在輔音前，而不是輔音字母前;an用在元音前，而不是元音字母前。
a university in Asia
1.表示同類中的任何一個(gè)
A cat has nine lives.
2.表示泛指的'某人、某物
I know a John Lennon，but not the famous one.
3.表示數(shù)量的
He has a daughter.
4. 表示單位數(shù)量的每一
I earn 10 dollars an hour.
5.表示相同的
The two birds are of a color.
6. 用于集體名詞前
He grows up in a large family.
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)3
1.He hardly had anything to eat, ________ he?A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. had D. did
答案：D (選擇A的同學(xué)要注意hardly表示否定;選擇B和C的同學(xué)要注意，反意疑問句要用助動(dòng)詞.)
2.He says that he won’t be free until tomorrow.他說他到明天才會(huì)有空。
解析: 在這個(gè)復(fù)合句中, that引導(dǎo)的從句做says的賓語,被稱為賓語從句。until用在否定句中,構(gòu)成“not...until...” 結(jié)構(gòu),意為“直到……才……”,謂語動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;until用在肯定句中,意為“直到……”,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如:They didn’t leave until they finished their work. 他們完成了工作才回家。
We waited until he came. 我們一直等到他來。
3. 課本:There’s something wrong with my computer. It doesn’t work. 我的'計(jì)算機(jī)出了故障,它無法工作了。
真題再現(xiàn):I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because there’s _____ with his ears.
A. wrong something B. something wrong C. anything wrong D. nothing wrong
要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥:形容詞修飾something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代詞時(shí)要后置,故排除A。答案:B
4.課本原句:All the computers must be shut down when you leave. 離開時(shí)你必須把所有的計(jì)算機(jī)關(guān)掉。
真題:The whole company _____ for a three weeks’ summer holiday. A. shut down B. shut off C. shut up D. shut away要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥:shut down意為“關(guān)閉;停工;歇業(yè)”;shut off意為“關(guān)掉(煤氣)”等;shut up意為“關(guān)閉;住嘴”等;shut away意為“隔離;隔絕”。答案:A
5. Our sports meeting has been ____ till next Monday because of the bad weather.
A. put on B. put up C. put off D. put down要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥: put on意為“穿上,上演”;put up意為“舉起,掛起,張貼”;put off意為“推遲,延期”; put down意為“放下,寫下,記下”。 答案:C
6. So it goes on, hour after hour. 就這樣繼續(xù)下去,一小時(shí)接一小時(shí)。解析: hour after hour意思為“一小時(shí)接一小時(shí)”。英語中,用after連接兩個(gè)相同的單數(shù)名詞(名詞前不用冠詞)表示“一個(gè)接一個(gè)”
7. 解析: during(in, for) the last(past) + 一段時(shí)間,表示“到現(xiàn)在為止多長時(shí)間以來(內(nèi))”,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。例如:In the last twenty years China has changed a lot. 在最近二十年內(nèi)中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
8. I’m afraid I won’t come ___B___ 7 and 9. I will be at work then. A. until B. between C. during D. for
9..Butter and cheese _C_____ in price. A. has gone up B. is gone up C. have gone up D. are gone up
10.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures __B____ a camera.
A. as B. for C. like D. of
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)4
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的`動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等時(shí)間狀語連用。
[例句] He often does his homework in his study.
2.表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格和狀態(tài)。
[例句] The dictionary belongs to me.
3.表示客觀規(guī)律或科學(xué)真理、格言,以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。
[例句] The moon goes around the sun.
4.在有連詞if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。
[例句] If you work hard, you won’t fail in the exam.
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)5
有這樣一道關(guān)于反意疑問句的題：
Peter likes history， ________？
A. doesn’t Peter B. doesn’t he C. does Peter D. does he
此題應(yīng)選B。容易誤選A。關(guān)于反意問句的'主語問題，以下幾點(diǎn)要注意：
1. 在通常情況下，反意問句部分的主語只能是代詞：
這男孩很聰明，是嗎？
正：The boy was clever， wasn’t he？
誤：The boy was clever， wasn’t the boy？
2. 當(dāng)陳述部分為 there be 句型時(shí)，反意問句仍用 there 作主語(實(shí)為引導(dǎo)詞)：
There’s rice in it， isn’t there？ 里面是大米，是嗎？
3. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是 this，that，these，those 等指示代詞時(shí)，反意問句用 it，they 等代詞：
That is a new car， isn’t it？ 這是一輛新汽車，是嗎？
4. 當(dāng)陳述部分用不定代詞one作主語時(shí)，其反意問句可用 one(正式)或 you(非正式)：
One can’t be too careful， can one [you]？ 越仔細(xì)越好，不是嗎？
5. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是 somebody， someone， everyone， everybody， no one， nobody等時(shí)，其反意問句的主語在正式文體中用he，在口語或非正式文體中通常用they：
Nobody came，did he [they]？ 沒有人來，是嗎？
6. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是 something， anything， nothing， everything 等時(shí)，其反意問句的主語通常用it：
Nothing is new， is it？ 沒有什么是新的，是嗎？
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)6
1.Were all three people in the car injured in the accident？
No，___ only the two passengers who got hurt.
A. it was B. there is
C. it were D. there was
2. ---Who is making so much noise in the garden？ --- ___ the children.
A. It is B. They are
C. That is D . There are
3. It was ___she was about to go out ___the telephone rang.
A. when that B. so； that
C. before； then D. when； before
4.It was ___ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. what； that B. that； what
C. that； when D. it； when
5.____ that silver is not widely used as a conductor？
A. Why is B. Is it why
C. Why is it D. Why is that
6.I can’t find Mr. Smith .Where did you meet him this morning？ It was in the hotel ___ he stayed.
A. that B which
C. the one D. where
7.It was in the small house ___was built with stones
by his father ___ he spent his childhood.
A. which； that B. that where
C， which； which D. that； which
8.It was ___ it was raining so hard that we had to stay at home all day.
A. since B .for
C. as D. because
9.Is ____three hours ____ the boy ___family is poor to come to school on foot？
A .it that； whose B. it； that it takes； whose
C. it for that it takes； whose D. it； when that
10.It was his wife___ left him without saying goodbye.
A. who B .which
C .when D. in which
11. It is on a winter night ___he spent with me last night.
A. that B. where
C. as D .when
12 It is the young man ___ looked for ___ caught the murderer.
A.that； who B.that； they
C. they that D they which
13.It was ____ my teacher worked ____ I work hard.
A. where； that B. where； where
C .that； that D. that where
14.It was in the evening__we reached the little town of Winchester.
A that B. until
C. since D. before
15.It was not until dark ___ he found ___ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A. that； what B. that； that
C. when； what D. when； that
16.It is the ability to do the job ____ matters ，not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C .what D. it
17. I don’t know ____ that you stay here.
A. how long it is B. how long is it
C. it is how long D. is it how long
18.It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. we being late B. our being late
C. we were too late D. because we were late
19.---what was the party like？
---Wonderful. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself much.
A. after B. before C .that D. since
20.Why！ I have nothing to confess(承認(rèn)). ____you want me to say.
A.What is it that B.What it is that
C.How is it that D. How it is that
【答案】
1~10 AAAAC DADBA
11~20 ACAAA BABDB
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)7
一、不定式做主語：
1、不定式做主語一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。===動(dòng)名詞ding 表示習(xí)慣的，經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作。
e.g: T finish the building in a nth is difficult.
T d such things is flish.
T see is t believe. (對等)
注: 1). 不定式作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)
2). 當(dāng)主語較長，謂語較短時(shí)，常用it做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的.后面。
it做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：
(1)It is/was +ad.+f sb. t d…
(2) It is +ad.+fr sb.+t d…
It is eas / difficult / hard / flish / unwise / right / wrng / unnecessar
(3) it is +a +名詞+ t d...
It is a pit / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / ne’s dut / an hnr / a shae / a crie / n eas b… t d
It taes (sb.) se tie / curage / patience …t d…
It requires curage / patience / hard wr… t d…
*注意: prbable 和 pssible 均可作表語，但pssible可以用不定式作真實(shí)主語， 而prbable不能用不定式作真實(shí)主語。
It is prbable fr hi t ce t the eeting.(錯(cuò)）
It is pssible fr hi t ce t the eeting.
It is pssible / prbable that he will ce t the eeting.
二、不定式做表語
主語是以ai dut hpe idea intentin plan b suggestin wish purpse tas 等為中心詞的名詞詞組 或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明其內(nèi)容, 不定式作表語常表示將來或現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
eg :M idea is t clib the untain fr the nrth.
ur istae was nt t write that letter.
What I wuld suggest is t start wr at nce.
三 、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語
以不定式結(jié)構(gòu)為賓語的動(dòng)詞有：
as, agree, care, chse, deand, decide, expect, fail, help, hpe, learn, anage, ffer, plan, prepare, pretend, prise, refuse, want, wish等只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語
口訣（接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞）
想要學(xué)習(xí) 早打算（ want learn plan）
快準(zhǔn)備 有希望（ prepare hpe wish expect）
同意否 供選擇（agree ffer chse）
決定了 已答應(yīng)（decide be deterined prise）
盡力去 著手做（anage undertae）
別拒絕 別假裝（refuse pretend）
失敗不是屬于你（fail）
e.g.T refused t lend e his pen.
We hpe t get there befre dar.
The girl decided t d it herself.
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)8
理解賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)響應(yīng)，應(yīng)注意以下幾種情況：
1. 無需呼應(yīng)的情況：若主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)句意的需要使用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。如：
He knows where they live. 他知道他們住哪里。
No one knows where he was born. 沒有人知道他出生于何地。
Tom says that he'll never get married. 湯姆說他永遠(yuǎn)不結(jié)婚。
2. 主句為過去時(shí)的情況：若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。如：
She asked me if I'd slept well. 她問我睡得好不好。
I didn't know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他們是否喜歡這個(gè)地方。
He said he was going to accompany her home. 他說他將陪她回家。
當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，即使賓語從句所表示的時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在，通常也用過去時(shí)。如：
Oh！ I didn't know you were here. ��！ 我不知道你在這里。(you were here指說話的當(dāng)時(shí))
Hello！ I didn't know you were in London. How long have you been here？ 你好！ 我不知道你在倫敦。你來這里多久了？ (you were in London其實(shí)是指說話的當(dāng)時(shí))
當(dāng)然，為避免誤會(huì)，我們也可以直接使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的`情況，而無需考慮與主句謂語的過去時(shí)相呼應(yīng)。如：
She said she'll be back tonight. 她說她今晚回來。
He said that the meeting is Tuesday. 他說會(huì)議于星期二舉行。
3. 從句為客觀真理的情況：當(dāng)賓語從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí)，可以不受時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的限制，即使主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound. 老師告訴學(xué)生，光的速度比聲速快。
When we were children， we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時(shí)候，人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)9
條件狀語從句
引導(dǎo)詞：if(如果)，unless(除非)，if only(只要，但愿)，only if(只有)，in case(萬一)，suppose/supposing(that)
(假設(shè))，provided/providing(that)(只要，假若)，on condition that(要是，在......條件下)，so/as long as(只要)，(let's/let us)say(假設(shè)) 方式狀語從句
引導(dǎo)詞：as(像......一樣，正如......)，as if/as though(好像，宛如) 注意：
1、固定句型A is to B what C is to D.意為“A對B而言正如C對D一樣”。
2、as if, as though引導(dǎo)的從句若與事實(shí)相反，用虛擬語氣;若與事實(shí)相符，不用虛擬語氣。
讓步狀語從句
引導(dǎo)詞：though/although/as(雖然，盡管)，even if/though(即使，盡管)，whether/no matter whether...or(not) (不管......是否，不管是......還是)whever/no matter wh-(無論......) 注意：
(1)though,although,as的區(qū)別
A、Though,although的主句中可以用yet, still, nevertheless,但不可使用but。
B、though引導(dǎo)的從句可以倒裝，也可以不倒裝;as引導(dǎo)的`從句必須倒裝;although引導(dǎo)的從句不能倒裝。
其結(jié)構(gòu)為：形容詞/分詞/副詞/動(dòng)詞原形/名詞(無冠詞)+as/though+主語+謂語……
(2)though可用作副詞，放在句末，意為“不過，但是”。Although無此用法。
(3)某些短語也引導(dǎo)讓步的從句或短語，意為“盡管”，如：in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, regardless of(the fact that)
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)10
一、小學(xué)英語形容詞性物主代詞
1、形容詞性物主代詞8個(gè)：
My your his her its our your their
我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的
2、形容詞性物主代詞的特點(diǎn)：
1)譯成漢語都有"的" eg:my 我的 their 他們的.
2)后面加名詞：eg:my backpack his name
3)前后不用冠詞 a an the
This is a my eraser(錯(cuò)誤)
That is your a pen(錯(cuò)誤)
It's his the pen(錯(cuò)誤)
3、I(物主代詞)my you(物主代詞)your he (物主代詞)her we (物主代詞) our
注：在變物主代詞時(shí)，把原題所給的詞加上的，再譯成單詞就可以了。
二、小學(xué)英語名詞性物主代詞
1、名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞一樣有8個(gè)：
Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的
2、 名詞性物主代詞的特點(diǎn)：
1)譯成漢語都有"的"
2)后面不加名詞
3)名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞
Eg:1、the pen is mine 鋼筆是我的(mine=my pen)
三、小學(xué)英語單數(shù)的句子變成復(fù)數(shù)的句子
把單數(shù)的句子成復(fù)數(shù)的句子很簡單：變法是把能變成復(fù)數(shù)的詞變成復(fù)數(shù)，但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑問詞、形容詞、國家及地點(diǎn)通常不變。
Eg:把下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)
1, I have a car ----we have cars
2, He is an American boy. ----They are American boys
3, It is a car ----They are cars
4,This is an eraser ----These are erasers
5,That is a backpsck -----Those are backpacks
6,I'm an English teather ------We are English teathers
7,It's a new shirt---- They are new shirts
8,He's a boy ----They are boys
9,She's a singer ------They are singers
10,What'sthis in English?---- What are these in English?
四、小學(xué)英語名詞的數(shù)語法
名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式
1、名詞的單數(shù)：表示一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物
2、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：表示一個(gè)人以上的人或事物
名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律如下：
1、多數(shù)情況下在名詞后面加S，s 在清輔音后讀【S】
2、以s,x,sh,ch為結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加es, es讀作【iz】
3、以f ,fe為結(jié)尾的詞去掉f或fe加ves，ves讀作【vz】
4、以輔音加y 結(jié)尾的詞，變y為ies
5、以元音加y結(jié)尾的詞，直接加s
6、不規(guī)則變化
Man-menwoman-women policeman-policemen
Policewoman-policewomen這種情況下a變成e
1、單復(fù)數(shù)同形
Chinese-chinese Japanese-japanese sheep -sheep deer -deer
2、 This 這個(gè)these這些(復(fù)數(shù)) that那個(gè) those那些(復(fù)數(shù)) I我 we我們(復(fù)數(shù)) he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她們(復(fù)數(shù)) am ，is是 are(復(fù)數(shù))
五、小學(xué)英語人稱代詞主格及賓格
人稱代詞分為主格和賓格，主格和賓格區(qū)別：主格和賓格漢語意思相同，但位置不同。
Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"
主格在陳述句中通常放句首，賓格通常放在動(dòng)詞后或介詞后，也就是說賓格，不放在句首。
Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)
Excuse me (me 賓格)
I ask him to go (him 賓格)
They sit in front of me (me 賓格)
主格(8個(gè))：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們
賓格(8個(gè))：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們
六、小學(xué)英語名詞所有格語法
1、變法：在人名后面加's 記�。�'s要譯成"的" eg:Lucy(名詞所有格)Lucy's
2、如果是2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上人的名詞所有格要在最后一個(gè)人名加's
Eg:Lily and Lucy (名詞所有格)Lily and Lucy'S
Lily Lucy and Julia (名詞所有格)Lily Lucy and Julia's
3、以s結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)所有格在后面加'，eg:students'
七、小學(xué)英語就劃線部分提問練習(xí)題
就劃線部分提問的變法：
1、先根據(jù)劃線部分找到特殊疑問詞。
2、再把沒劃線的部分變成一般疑問句的語序。
3、特殊疑問詞通常有：what/ where/ who /whosc/ how/how old/ what colour/ whatclass /what grade/what row/what school
八、小學(xué)英語一般疑問句
1、一般疑問句最基本的變法：be 提前用問號(hào)讀升調(diào)
2、my變成your our變成your I am / We are 變Are you I can 變Can you
3、注意人名不論放在什么位置都要大寫 Tom is a student。Is Tom a student?
4、一般疑問句翻譯成漢語都有"嗎"?
1)This is my English teather. Is this your English teather?
2)It is our school. Is it your school?
3)We are students. Are you students?
4)I can sing. Can you sing?
九、小學(xué)英語動(dòng)詞的用法
1、 到目前為止，我們學(xué)過的be動(dòng)詞包括三個(gè)詞 am ,is, are 這三個(gè)詞的漢語意思相同，都是"是"的意思，但怎么運(yùn)用
好這三個(gè)詞呢?請記住下列口決：
2、我是 am（ eg:I am a pupil.）
你是 are （eg:You are a girl.）
Is 用在他、她、它（eg:He is a Chinese boy,She is an English teather,It is a cat.見到復(fù)數(shù)就用are.）
3、記�。篴m ,is 的復(fù)數(shù)是are.;these 這些 ;those 那些(這兩個(gè)詞都表示復(fù)數(shù))
十、英語簡縮形式的變法語法
1、簡縮形式的變法：把倒數(shù)第二個(gè)字母，通常是元音字母變成' 但are除外，are要把a(bǔ)打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're
2、簡縮形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同。
3、把完全形式變成簡縮形式時(shí)，一定要注意第一個(gè)字母的大小變化。Eg:What is =What's
4、記住一個(gè)特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們(不要把' 變成i) 5、記�。簍hisis 沒有簡縮形式this's(錯(cuò)誤)
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)11
(1)指示代詞分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，既可作限定詞又可做代詞，例如：
單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)
限定詞：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代詞：This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
(2)指示代詞的句法功能;
a.作主語
This is the way to do it.
這事兒就該這樣做。
b.作賓語
I like this better than that.
我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。
c.作主語補(bǔ)語
My point is this.
我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。
d.作介詞賓語
I dont say no to that.
我并未拒絕那個(gè)。
There is no fear of that.
那并不可怕。
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)12
1.(誤〕 Three days after he died. 正〕 After three days he died. 〔正〕 Three days later he died.〔析〕 after 與 later都可以用來表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after 在時(shí)間詞前，而later在時(shí)間詞后。
2.〔誤〕 She hid herself after the tree. 〔正〕 She hid herself behind the tree.〔析〕 after多用來表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后，所以有的語法書中稱它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。
3.〔誤〕 There is a beautiful bird on the tree. 正〕 There is a beautiful bird in the tree.〔析〕 樹上長出的果實(shí)，樹葉要用on, 而其他外來的人、物體均要用in the tree.
4.〔誤〕 Shanghai is on the east of China. 〔正〕 Shanghai is in the east of China.〔析〕 在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有3個(gè)介詞：in, on, to。 in表示在某范圍之內(nèi); on表示與某地區(qū)接壤;to則表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.
5.〔誤〕 I arrived at New York on July 2nd. 〔正〕 I arrived in New York on July 2nd.〔析〕 at用來表達(dá)較小的地方，而in用來表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。
6.〔誤〕 He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road. 〔正〕 He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.〔析〕 在門牌號(hào)碼前要用at, 并要注意它的慣用法：at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page。7.〔誤〕 There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall. 〔正〕 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.〔析〕 在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in，而墻的`外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.
8. 〔誤〕 Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper? 〔正〕 Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper? 〔析〕 在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in, 而在具體某一版上，或某一頁上則要用on。
9. 〔誤〕 The school will begin on September 1st. 〔正〕 School will begin on September 1st.〔析〕這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開學(xué)之意。要注意，有些活動(dòng)場所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞，如：at table (吃飯)， When I came to Toms home, they were at table. 還有： at desk (學(xué)習(xí))，at work (工作) at school (上學(xué))， in hospital (住醫(yī)院) at church 作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：at the school 即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，in the hospital 即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。
10. 〔誤〕 Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow. 〔正〕 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai. 〔正〕 Ill leave for Shanghai.〔析〕 leave for 是離開某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：start for 動(dòng)身前往某處，set out for， sail for。
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)13
1：“first”是序數(shù)詞，與“the”相連，解釋為第一。
2：像“first，term，world”作為詞組出現(xiàn)時(shí)前面要加“the”。
3：“all”所有;后面的可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，be動(dòng)詞用“are”。
4：“any”一些;用在否定句和一般疑問句中，與“some”同義�！皊ome”用在肯定句中。
5：there be+數(shù)詞，采用“就近原則”。
6：a map of China 與 a map of the world 要牢記。
7：要用“on the wall”，不能用“in the wall”。門、窗在墻上才能用“in the wall”。
8：can 后+動(dòng)詞原形。
9：play+the+樂器; play+球類;
10：like的用法
11：動(dòng)詞變動(dòng)名詞形式方法：
A--直接在動(dòng)詞后面+ing形式(大多數(shù))。
B--以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的`，要去掉e后再+ing，比如：dancing，making，riding。
C--重讀be音節(jié)，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音，須雙寫末尾的字母后再+ing，如：running，swimming，sitting，putting。
12：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞ing形式。標(biāo)志：now、look、listen、it's time to。
13：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句 /問--be動(dòng)詞+人稱+時(shí)態(tài)(動(dòng)詞ing)
答--Yes，he/She/it is/am/are. No，he/She/it isn't/aren't/am not.
14：用Are you...? Yes,I am/ we are. No,I'm not/We aren't.
15: 動(dòng)詞后+人稱賓格形式.
16：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：第三人稱單數(shù)(三單)。要注意：后面的動(dòng)詞+s或es。
特例：have→has do→dose go→goes; 標(biāo)志：often，usually。
17：有些名詞變動(dòng)詞時(shí)要變形式，例如：teacher→teach;driver→drive.
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)14
1.定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。
2.構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡潔句
3.引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類：
〔1〕附屬連詞that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。
〔2〕附屬連詞whether，as，as if。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來還與十年前一樣。The question is whether they will be able to help us.問題是他們是否能幫我們。
注：附屬連詞if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句，如：All this was over twenty years ago，but its as if it was only yesterday.這都是20多年前的事了，但猶如昨天一樣。能跟表語從句的.謂語動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be，seem，look等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain.看起來天要下雨了。
〔3〕連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 連接副詞 where，when，how，why。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。The question is how he did it.問題是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。
解釋：
1.連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much.我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰唷?/p>
2.在一些表示"建議、勸告、指令'的名詞后面的表語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。should+動(dòng)詞原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we 〔should〕start early tomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。
英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)15
數(shù)的句子變成復(fù)數(shù)的句子
把單數(shù)的句子成復(fù)數(shù)的句子很簡單:變法是把能變成復(fù)數(shù)的詞變成復(fù)數(shù)，但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑問詞、形容詞、國家及地點(diǎn)通常不變。
把下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)
1, I have acar we have cars
2, He is an Americanboy. They are American boys
3, It is acar They are cars
4, This is aneraser These are erasers
5, That is abackpsck Those are backpacks
6,I'm an Englishteather We are English teathers
7,It's a newshirt They are new shirts
8,He's aboy They are boys
9,She's asinger They are singers
10,What's this inEnglish? What are these in English?
就劃線部分提問
就劃線部分提問的變法:
1、先根據(jù)劃線部分找到特殊疑問詞。
2、再把沒劃線的部分變成一般疑問句的語序。
3、特殊疑問詞通常有:what/ where/ who /whosc/ how/how old/ whatcolour/ what class /
what grade/what row/what school
一般疑問句
1、一般疑問句最基本的變法:be提前用問號(hào)讀升調(diào)
2、my變成your our變成your I am / We are變Are you I can變Can you
3、注意人名不論放在什么位置都要大寫Tom is a student。Is Tom a student?
4、一般疑問句翻譯成漢語都有"嗎"?
1)This is my Englishteather. Is this your English teather?
2)It is ourschool. Is it your school?
3)We are students. Are you students?
4)I cansing. Can you sing?
名詞性物主代詞
1、名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞一樣有8個(gè):
Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的
2、名詞性物主代詞的特點(diǎn):
1)譯成漢語都有"的"
2)后面不加名詞
3)名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞
1、the pen is mine鋼筆是我的(mine=my pen)
形容詞性物主代詞
1、形容詞性物主代詞8個(gè):
My your his her its our your their
我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的
2、形容詞性物主代詞的特點(diǎn):
1)譯成漢語都有"的" my我的their他們的
2)后面加名詞: my backpack his name
3)前后不用冠詞a an the
This is a my eraser
That is your a pen
It's his the pen
3、I(物主代詞)my you(物主代詞)your he (物主代詞)her we (物主代詞) our
注:在變物主代詞時(shí)，把原題所給的詞加上的，再譯成單詞就可以了。
名詞的數(shù)
名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式
名詞的單數(shù):表示一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物
名詞的復(fù)數(shù):表示一個(gè)人以上的人或事物
名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律如下:
1、多數(shù)情況下在名詞后面加S，s在清輔音后讀【S】
2、以s,x,sh,ch為結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加es, es讀作【iz】
3、以f ,fe為結(jié)尾的詞去掉f或fe加ves，ves讀作【vz】
4、以輔音加y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為ies
5、以元音加y結(jié)尾的詞，直接加s
6、不規(guī)則變化
Man-men woman-women policeman-policemen
Policewoman-policewomen這種情況下a變成e
1、單復(fù)數(shù)同形
Chinese-chinese Japanese-japanese sheep -sheep deer -deer
2、 This這個(gè)these這些(復(fù)數(shù)) that那個(gè)those那些(復(fù)數(shù)) I我we我們(復(fù)數(shù))
he他she她it它they他、它、她們(復(fù)數(shù)) am，is是are(復(fù)數(shù))
人稱代詞主格及賓格
人稱代詞分為主格和賓格，主格和賓格區(qū)別:主格和賓格漢語意思相同，但位置不同。
I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"
主格在陳述句中通常放句首，賓格通常放在動(dòng)詞后或介詞后，也就是說賓格，不放在句首。
Ihave a new car.( I主格)
Excuse me (me賓格)
Iask him to go (him賓格)
They sit in front of me (me賓格)
主格(8個(gè)):I我you你he他she她it它we我們you你們they他(她、它)們
賓格(8個(gè)):me我you你him他her她it它us我們you你們them他(她、它)們
名詞所有格
1、變法:在人名后面加's
記住:'s要譯成"的" Lucy(名詞所有格)Lucy's
2、如果是2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上人的名詞所有格要在最后一個(gè)人名加's
Lily and Lucy (名詞所有格)Lily and Lucy'S
Lily Lucy and Julia (名詞所有格) Lily Lucy and Julia's
3、以s結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)所有格在后面加'，students'
動(dòng)詞的用法
1、到目前為止，我們學(xué)過的be動(dòng)詞包括三個(gè)詞am ,is, are這三個(gè)詞的漢語意思相
同，都是"是"的.意思，但怎么運(yùn)用好這三個(gè)詞呢?請記住下列口決:
2、我是am eg:I am a pupil.
3、你是are eg:You are a girl.
4、 Is用在他、她、它eg:He is a Chinese boy,She is an English teather,It is acat.見到
復(fù)數(shù)就用are.
5、記住:am ,is的復(fù)數(shù)是are.
6、記住:these這些;those那些(這兩個(gè)詞都表示復(fù)數(shù))
延伸閱讀:名詞不規(guī)則變化
名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。它既可以表示具體的東西，也可以是表示抽象的東西。
不規(guī)則變化
1)元音字母發(fā)變化。
如man--men(男人)，woman--women(婦女)
tooth--teeth(牙齒)，foot--feet(腳)
mouse--mice(老鼠)，policeman--policemen(警察)
policewoman--policewomen(女警察)
2)詞尾發(fā)生變化。
如child--children(小孩)，ox--oxen(公牛)
3)單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。
如fish--fish(魚)，sheep--sheep(綿羊)，deer--deer(鹿)，chinese--chinese(中國人)，yuan--yuan(元)，jinn--jinn(斤)
注意不說an english，要說an englishman.
�、賔ish作魚肉講時(shí)不可數(shù)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)。
�、趂ishes指各種不同種類魚或指幾條魚。
4)形似單數(shù)，實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)意義。
如people(人，人們)these people
(不說a people，可說a person)
police(公安，警察)ten police
(不說a police，可說a policeman)
5)由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)將名詞及man或woman都變成復(fù)數(shù)。
如a man driver-men drivers(男司機(jī))
awoman doctor-women doctors (女醫(yī)生)
6)合成名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。
如passer-by-passers-by(過路人)
bus driver-bus drivers(汽車司機(jī))
注意如果沒有主體名詞，就在最后一詞上加-s。如:
grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)
letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱)
注意①hair和fruit通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。若表示若干根頭發(fā)或若干種水果，則需用這兩個(gè)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
如would you like some more fruit?你要不要再吃點(diǎn)水果?
we bought a lot of fruit from the market.我們從市場上買了許多水果，
china has some good frits. 中國有一些好的水果。(指種類)
she has a few white hairs.她有幾要白頭發(fā)。
his black hair is going white.他的黑發(fā)逐漸變成灰白色。
注意②wind，snow和rain這類詞，有時(shí)也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示多次的風(fēng)、雪或雨。
注意以boy和girl開頭的復(fù)合名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，一般只把后一名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。
如boy student-boy students(男學(xué)生)
girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)
7)有些名詞只有作復(fù)數(shù)。
如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(褲子)shorts(短褲)jeans(工裝褲)compasses(兩腳規(guī))scales(天平)sunglasses(太陽鏡)surroundings(環(huán)境)savings(儲(chǔ)蓄)writings(作品)
名詞+man(woman)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常與簡單名詞一樣，即把man(woman)改成men(women)。
如englishman--englishmen(英國人)
frenchwoman--frenchwomen(法國婦女)
注意german不是復(fù)合詞，它的復(fù)數(shù)是germans。
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